IDENTIFIKASI MOLEKULAR DAN STRUKTUR FILOGENETIK MOLUSKA (GASTROPODA DAN BIVALVIA) DI PERAIRAN BIAK, PAPUA

Anna Rejeki Simbolon, Ludi Parwadani Aji

Abstract


Perairan Biak di wilayah Papua termasuk kawasan segitiga terumbu karang dengan tingkat keanekaragaman spesies yang tinggi, salah satu diantaranya adalah Phylum Moluska, namun lebih dari 90% spesies Moluska belum terdokumentasi secara akurat. Sebagai biota dengan keanekaragaman spesies yang tinggi, kesamaan morfologi cangkang moluska sering ditemukan sehingga menyebabkan kesulitan dalam identifikasi yang tepat. Untuk hal tersebut penanda molecular “DNA mitokondria cytochrome oxidase I” (mt-COI), biasa disebut DNA barcoding , dapat diterapkan untuk identifikasi species. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi spesies Moluska dengan menggunakan DNA barcoding serta menyusun struktur filogenetik Moluska di perairan Biak, Papua. Contoh biologi Moluska diambil dengan metode jelajah di area padang lamun pada saat air surut. Analisis DNA menggunakan primer universal LCO 1490 dan HCO 2198, pengeditan dan pengurutan sekuen DNA dengan program Geneious ver 9 dan program BLAST. Struktur filogenetik dilakukan dengan metode neighbor joining (NJ) pada model Kimura-2. Hasil menunjukkan spesies moluska yang berhasil diidentifikasi secara molecular terdiri dari 23 spesies dengan tingkat kesamaan 97-100%. Pohon filogenetik menunjukkan pengelompokkan spesies berdasarkan ordo, famili hingga genus yang berbeda. Nerita sp. memiliki jarak genetik terendah dan nilai bootstrap yang tinggi serta memiliki kesamaan warna dan pola yang hampir sama sehingga sering terjadi kesalahan identifikasi secara morfologi. Hasil analisis memperlihatkan DNA barcoding dapat digunakan dalam identifikasi spesies moluska dengan cepat dan akurat serta memberikan keragaman spesies yang tinggi. Identifikasi secara molekular dengan menggunakan DNA barcoding dapat dijadikan alat dalam mengidentiifkasi spesies moluska secara lebih tepat sehingga pengelolaan spesies akan tepat sasaran serta bermanfaat bagi kajian pengelolaan selanjutnya.

Biak waters in the Papua region are included in the coral reef triangle area with a high level of species diversity, one of which is the Mollusc Phylum, but more than 90% of Mollusc species have not been accurately documented. As a biota with high species diversity, similarity in morphology of mollusk shells is often found, causing difficulties in proper identification. For this reason, the molecular marker “mitochondrial DNA cytochrome oxidase I” (mt-COI), commonly called DNA barcoding , can be applied for species identification. This study aims to identify mollusc species using DNA barcoding and compose the phylogenetic structure of molluscs in the waters of Biak, Papua. Mollusc biology samples were taken by roaming the seagrass area at low tide. DNA analysis using universal primers LCO 1490 and HCO 2198, editing and sequencing DNA with the Geneious ver 9 program and the BLAST program. The phylogenetic structure was carried out using the neighbor joining (NJ) method on the Kimura-2 model. The results show that the mollusk species that have been identified molecularly consist of 23 species with a similarity level of 97-100%. The phylogenetic tree shows the grouping of species based on different orders, families and genera. Nerita sp. has the lowest genetic distance and high bootstrap value and has almost the same color and pattern so that morphological identification errors often occur. The results of the analysis show that DNA barcoding can be used in the identification of mollusk species quickly and accurately and provides high species diversity. Molecular identification using DNA barcoding can be used as a tool in identifying mollusk species more precisely so that species management will be well targeted and useful for further management studies.


Keywords


Identifikasi molecular; DNA- barcoding; Phylum Moluska; Biak (Papua)

Full Text:

PDF

References


Aji, L. P., Widyastuti, A., & Capriati, A. (2018). Struktur Komunitas Moluska di Padang Lamun Perairan Kepulauan Padaido dan Aimando Kabupaten Biak Numfor, Papua. Oseanologi dan Limnologi di Indonesia, 3(3), 219-234. doi: 10.14203/oldi.2018.v3i3.184.

Aji, L.P. & Widyastuti, A. (2019). The condition and composition of seagrass and mollusca on Biak island, Papua. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. Doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/404/1/012069.

Appeltans, W., Ahyong, S. T., & Anderson, Gl. (2012). The magnitude of global marine species diversity. Current Biology, 22, 2189–2202. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2012.09.036.

Barco, A., Michael, J., Raupach., Silke, L., Hermann., Neumann., & Thomas, K. N. (2016). Identification of North Sea molluscs with DNA barcoding. Molecular Ecology Resources, 16, 288–297. doi: 10.1111/1755-0998.12440

Chee, S.Y., & Siti, A. M. N. (2014). Short communication: DNA barcoding reveals Neritid diversity (Mollusca: Gastropoda) diversity in Malaysian waters. Mitochondrial DNA, Early Online, 1-3. doi: 10.3109/19401736.2014.987237

Fahmi, M.R., Prasetio, A.B., Kusumah, R.V., Hayuningtyas, E.P., & Ardi, I. (2016). Barcoding DNA ikan hias lahan gambut. Jurnal Riset Akuakultur, 11(2), 137-145. doi: 10.15578/jra.11.2.2016.137-145

Furfaro, G., Modica, M. V., Oliverio, M., & Mariottini, P. (2016). A DNA- barcoding approach to the phenotypic diversity of Mediterranean species of Felimare Ev. Marcus & Er. Marcus, 1967 (Mollusca: Gastropoda), with a preliminary phylogenetic analysis. Italian Journal of Zoology, 1–13. doi: 10.1080/11250003.2016.1150525

Freeland, J.R., Kirk, H., & Petersen, S. (2012). Genetic analysis of multiple populations in molecular ecology. 2nd edition. New York: John Wiley and Sons.

Folmer, O., Black, M., Hoeh, W., Lutz, R., & Vrijenhoek, R. (1994). DNA primers for amplification of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I from diverse metazoan invertebrates. Mol Mar Biol Biotechnol, 3(5), 294–299.

Hall, B.G. (2001). Phylogenetic Trees Made Easy: A How - To Manual for Molecular Biologists. Sinauer Associates, Inc. Sunderland, Massachusetts, USA.

Hebert, P.D.N., Cywinska, A., Ball, S.L., & deWaard, J.R. (2003). Biological identifications through DNA barcodes. Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci, 270, 313–321. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2002.2218.

Kress, W.J., Garcıa-Robledo, C., Uriarte, M., & Erickson, D.L. (2015). DNA barcodes for ecology, evolution and conservation. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 30, 25–35. doi: 10.1016/j.tree.2014.10.008

Keskin, E., & Atar, H.H. (2013). DNA barcoding commercially important aquatic invertebrates of Turkey. Mitochondrial DNA, 24(4), 440–450. doi: 10.3109/19401736.2012.762576

Juniar, A.E., Reni, A., &, Dwi, A.R. (2021). Genetic identification of Clithon oualaniense (Gastropoda: Neritidae) from Madura, Indonesia. AACL Bioflux, 14 (2), 1046-1056.

Liu, J., & Zhang, H. (2018). DNA barcoding for species identification in deep-sea clams (Mollusca: Bivalvia: Vesicomyidae), Mitochondrial DNA, Part A. doi: 10.1080/24701394.2018.1424843

Madduppa, H., Taurusman, Am. A., Subhan, B., Anggraini, N.P., Fadillah, R., & Tarman, K. (2017). Short communication: DNA barcoding reveals vulnerable and not evaluated species of sea cucumbers (Holothuroidea and Stichopodidae) from Kepulauan Seribu Reefs, Indonesia. Biodiversitas, 18(3), 893-898. doi: 10.13057/biodiv/d180305

Palanisamy, S. K., Prasanna, K., Purushothaman, P., & Umamaheswari, S. (2020). Molecular approach to the identification and phylogenetic biogeography of snail Telescopium telescopium using mt-COI gene sequences. Regional Studies in Marine Science, 35, 1-17. doi:101016/j.rsma.2020.101109.

Ran K., Li Q., Qi L., Li W., Kong L. (2020). DNA barcoding for identification of marine gastropod species from Hainan Island, China. Fisheries Research, 225, doi: 105504. 10.1016/j.fishres.2020.105504

Saleky, D., Simon, P.O. L., Thomas, F.P., Isma., Rosa, D. P., Marius, A.W., Edy, H.P.M., Muhammad, D. (2020). Analisis pola pertumbuhan dan pendekatan DNA barcoding untuk identifikasi Turbo stenogyrus P. Fischer, 1873 (Mollusca: Gastropoda). Biotropika Journal of Tropical Biology, 8 (2), 79-84. doi: 10.21776/ub.biotropika.2020.008.02.03.

Simbolon, A.R., Masteria, Y. P., & Ismiliana, W. (2021). Identifikasi spesies menggunakan DNA barcoding dalam menunjang budidaya dan konservasi teripang di Perairan Lampung. Jurnal Riset Akuakultur, 16 (1), 31-37. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jra.16.1.2021.31-37

Sturm, C.F., Pearce, T.A. & Valdes, A. (2006). The Mollusks. A Guide to Their Study, Collection, and Preservation.American Malacological Society, Pittsburgh.

Sun, S., Qi, L., Lingfeng, K., Hong, Y., Xiaodong, Z., Ruihai, Y., Lina, D., Yan, S., Jun, C., Jun, L., Lehai, N., Yanwei, F., Zhenzhen, Y., Shanmei, Z., & Jiping, L. (2016). DNA barcoding reveal patterns of species diversity among northwestern Pacific molluscs. Scientific Reports, 6, 33367, 1-17. doi: 10.1038/srep33367.

Twindiko A. F., Wijayanti D. P., Ambariyanto A. (2013). Phylogenetic study of coral fish genus Pseudochromis and Pictichromis in Indo-Pacific Waters. Marina Oceanography Bulletin, 2(3), 29-37.

Van der Meij, S. E. T., Moolenbeek, R.G., & B.W.Hoeksema, B.W. (2009). Decline of the Jakarta Bay molluscan fauna linked to human impact. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 59, 101-107. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2009.02.021




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/bawal.13.1.2021.%25p


Creative Commons License
Bawal Widya Riset Perikanan Tangkap is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
View My Stats
p-ISSN 1907-8226
e-ISSN 2502-6410

Find in a library with WorldCatCrossref logo
SHERPA/RoMEO Logogoogle scholardoaj