PENGGUNAAN DNA BARCODING DALAM MENGIDENTIFIKASI LARVA GASTROPODA (FAMILY CYMATIIDAE) DI PERAIRAN KEPULAUAN SANGIHE- TALAUD, SULAWESI UTARA
Abstract
Perairan Kepulauan Sangihe-Talaud merupakan wilayah pemijahan hewan laut, sehingga berbagai jenis larva hewan laut dapat ditemukan di wilayah ini. Identifikasi larva gastropoda secara morfologi sangat sulit dilakukan karena tingginya kesamaan morfologi antar spesies pada fase larva. DNA Barcoding dapat digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi larva berbagai hewan laut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi larva gastropoda dari Family Cymatiidae di Perairan Kepulauan Sangihe-Talaud. Sampel larva diambil dengan menggunakan alat Issaac Kid Midwater Tramp (IKMT) di kedalaman 1000 m di bawah permukaan laut pada siang dan malam hari. Barcoding DNA menggunakan primer universal LCO 1490 dan HCO 2198, pengeditan dan alignment sekuen DNA dalam Geneious ver. 9 dan identifikasi menggunakan BLAST di GenBank NCBI. Pohon filogenetik dikonstruksi menggunakan metode neighbor joining (NJ) dan model Kimura-2i dalam MEGA X. Sebanyak 39 spesimen larva Cymatiidae terdiri atas 6 genus yaitu Reticutriton, Monoplex, Turritriton, Cymatium, Gutturnium, dan Ranularia; lima spesies teridentifikasi: Reticutriton pfeifferianus, Monoplex aquatilus, Monoplex comptus, Cymatium cingulatum dan Gutturnium muricinum, dengan tingkat kesamaan 97,32-100%. Berdasarkan pohon filogenetik sebagian sekuen individu termasuk kelompok monofiletik sedangkan genus Monoplex bersifat polifiletik dan mengelompok dalam genus yang berbeda dengan nilai boostrap yang cukup tinggi. Jarak genetik antar spesies berkisar 0,0761-0,1737 dengan jarak genetik antar spesies terendah pada Monoplex comptus dan Reticutricon pfeifferianus. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan DNA barcoding dapat digunakan dalam mengidentifikasi larva Gastropoda khususnya family Cymatiidae. Identifikasi jenis hewan laut secara dini menjadi salah satu kunci penting dalam pengelolaan lestari jenis hewan laut. Identifikasi larva yang tepat akan berguna dalam pengelolaan konservasi suatu wilayah perairan.
The seas around the Sangihe-Talaud Islands are a spawning ground for marine animals, so many marine animals' larva can be found in this area. Morphological identification of gastropod larvae is complicated because of the high morphological similarities between species in the larval stage. DNA Barcoding can be used to identify the larvae of various marine animals. This study aims to identify gastropod larvae, especially the family Cymatiidae, in the waters around the Sangihe-Talaud Islands. Larvae samples were collected using an Isaac Kid Midwater Tramp (IKMT) at a depth of 1000m below sea level day and night. DNA barcoding used the universal primers LCO 1490 and HCO 2198. DNA sequences were edited and aligned in Geneious ver nine and identified using the NCBI GenBank BLAST routine. A phylogenetic tree was constructed using the neighbor-joining (NJ) method with the Kimura-2 model. 39 Cymatiidae larvae were identified as belonging to 6 genera: Reticutriton, Monoplex, Turritriton, Cymatium, Gutturnium, and Ranularia; five species were identified: Reticutriton pfeifferianus, Monoplex aquariums, Monoplex computers, Cymatium cingulated and Gutturnium muricinum, with a similarity 97.32-100%. Based on the phylogenetic tree, some of the individual sequences belong to monophyletic groups, while the Monoplex genus is polyphyletic and grouped into several genera with relatively high bootstrap values. The genetic distance between species ranged from 0.0761-to 0.1737 with the lowest inter-species genetic distance between Monoplex computers and Reticutricon pfeifferianus. This study concludes that DNA barcoding can be used to identify gastropod larvae, in particular the family Cymatiidae. Early identification of marine animal species is an important key to the sustainable management of marine animals. Identification of gastropod larvae can support the conservation management of marine waters.
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