MUSIM PEMIJAHAN TUNA SIRIP KUNING (Thunnus albacares) DI SAMUDRA HINDIA SELATAN JAWA-BALI
Abstract
Ikan tuna sirip kuning atau yellowfin Tuna (Thunnus albacares) merupakan salah satu jenis komoditas eksport yang penting bagi Indonesia. Pemanfaatan secara intensif tuna sirip kuning di Samudra Hindia diduga telah mengakibatkan keadaan lebih tangkap. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menduga musim pemijahan berdasarkan data biologi reproduksi yang nantinya dapat dimanfaatkan dalam saran pengelolaan perikanan yang lestari. Penelitian di lakukan di perusahaan pengolahan, dan observasi di atas kapal long-line yang berbasis di Pelabuhan Benoa. Penelitian dilakukan selama bulan Januari 2019 - April 2020. Sampel biologi tuna sirip kuning yang diperoleh sebanyak 127 ekor. Analisis histologis dilakukan terhadap sampel gonad di Laboratorium Histologi dengan metode parafin dan pewarnaan HE (Harris-Haemotoxilin dan Eosin). Berdasarkan sampel biologi yang diperoleh, populasi ikan Yellow Fin Tuna (YFT) didominasi oleh ikan dewasa matang gonad dengan status reproduktif aktif (spawning capable, spawning, dan regressing). Hasil pengamatan histologis berdasarkan Most Advanced Group of Oocytes (MAGO) dalam gonad menunjukkan YFT memiliki tipe pemijahan berganda (multiple spawner). Perkembangan oosit YFT adalah asynchronous (tidak seragam) yang ditandai oleh munculnya beberapa tingkat perkembangan oosit dalam satu ovarium. Indeks Kematangan Gonad (IKG) berbanding lurus dengan tingkat perkembangan (kematangan) gonadnya. Puncak musim pemijahan terjadi menjelang akhir tahun (bulan Oktober hingga Desember)
Yellowfin tuna (YFT) is one of the important export commodities for Indonesia. Intensive fishing of this species in Indian Ocean has likely been nearly overfishing. This study aims to determine the spawning season based on reproductive biology that can be used in sustainable fisheries management. The research was carried out in processing companies, and on board long-line vessels based at Benoa Harbor conducted in January 2019 - April 2020. Samples of yellowfin tuna obtained were 127 tails. Histological analysis was performed in the Histology Laboratory using the paraffin method and HE staining (Harris-Haemotoxilin and Eosin). The sample was surgically removed by taking a pair of gonads and weighed (WG) with grams. The results of histological observations revealed that the Most Advanced Group of Oocytes (MAGO) in YFT gonads varied so that the development of oocyte was asynchronous (non-uniform) which was characterized by the emergence of several levels of oocyte development in one ovary. Gonado somatic index (GSI) was proportional with the level of gonad development. The peak of the spawning season occurs towards the end of the year in October to December.
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