STATUS STOK DAN LAJU EKSPLOITAS IKAN RED DEVIL (Amphilophus spp.) SEBAGAI DASAR PENGENDALIAN IKAN INVASIF DI WADUK SERMO, YOGYAKARTA
Abstract
Ikan red devil (Amphilophus spp.) merupakan ikan introduksi yang berasal dari Amerika Tengah yang cenderung bersifat invasif di perairan darat Indonesia. Waduk Sermo yang terletak di Kabupaten Kulon Progo, Yogyakarta adalah perairan darat yang memiliki dominansi tinggi dari dua jenis red devil, yaitu A. citrinellus dan A. labiatus. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis status stok terkini dan dinamika populasi ikan red devil (Amphilophus spp.) sebagai dasar untuk pengendalian ikan asing invasif. Analisis data dilakukan terhadap 4.806 ekor ikan red devil (Amphilophus spp) yang terdiri atas 2.204 ekor A. citrinellus dan 2.602 ekor A. labiatus yang tertangkap menggunakan jaring insang percobaan dengan mata jaring 0,75-2,50 inci (interval 0,25 inci) pada Agustus 2021-Januari 2022. Analisis populasi ikan red devil dilakukan untuk jenis A. citrinellus, A. labiatus, dan gabungan keduanya (Amphilophus spp.) sebagai pertimbangan pengendaliannya. Hasil analisis menunjukkan Amphilophus spp. memiliki pertumbuhan dengan persamaan Lt = 19,3 [1-e0,31(t+0,61)] dari ELEFAN SA (Simulated Annealing) melalui paket TrophfishR. Ikan A. citrinellus memiliki L∞ lebih besar daripada A. labiatus. Laju eksploitasi ikan red devil menunjukkan tingkat pemanfaatan yang optimum (E=0,52). Ratio potensi pemijahan ikan red devil melalui analisis LB-SPR adalah sebesar 29% yang menunjukkan status stok masih dalam kondisi baik. Pengendalian ikan red devil perlu dilakukan dengan penambahan mortalitas penangkapan (F) sebesar 37,5% dari yang ada saat ini dengan estimasi SPR sebesar 19% (titik acuan SPR<20%) sebagai titik acuan batas dan penambahan F sebesar 69,2% (SPR10%) sebagai titik acuan target.
Red devil (Amphilophus spp.) is a non-native species originating from Central America which tends to be invasive in inland waters of Indonesia. Sermo Reservoir, located in Kulon Progo Regency, Yogyakarta, is an inland water with high dominance of two species of red devil: A. citrinellus and A. labiatus. This study aims to analyze the current stock status and population dynamics of red devil fish (Amphilophus spp.) as a basis for controlling the invasive species. Data analysis was carried out on 4,806 red devil fish (Amphilophus spp.), consisting of 2,204 A. citrinellus and 2,602 A. labiatus that were caught using experimental gillnets with mesh size 0.75-2.50 inches (0.25 inch per each of intervals) which recorded monthly from August 2021-January 2022. Analysis of red devil fish populations was carried out for A. citrinellus, A. labiatus, and a combination of those two species (known as Amphilophus spp.) as a consideration for controlling. The analysis resulted in the VBGF of Amphilophus spp. was Lt = 19.3 [1-e0.31(t+0.61)] from ELEFAN SA (Simulated Annealing) which analysis through the TrophfishR package. A. citrinellus has a larger L∞ than A. labiatus. The exploitation rate of the red devil shows the optimum level of exploitation (E=0.52). The spawning potential ratio through LB-SPR analysis was 29% which indicated that stock status is still in good condition. The controlling of invasive red devil fish needs to be done by increasing fishing mortality (F) by 37.5% from current F, with 19% of estimated SPR (reference point of SPR<20%) as a limit reference point and an increasing F of 69.2% (SPR10%) as a target reference point.
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/bawal.14.3.2022.119-134
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