PERKEMBANGAN LARVA DAN EKOLOGI IKAN “SIX-BANDED TIGER BARB” (Desmopuntius hexazona Weber & de Beaufort, 1912) DI CAGAR BIOSPHERE BUKIT BATU, RIAU

Melta Rini Fahmi, Siti Zuhriyyah Musthofa, Asep Permana, Mohammad Zamroni, Redy Ginanjar

Abstract


Ikan hias, Desmopuntius hexazona merupakan salah satu ikan yang mendiami perairan gambut di wilayah Asia Tenggara, dari Mekong hingga Malay Peninsula, Sumatra dan Borneo. Sebagai ikan hias D. hexazona telah diperdagangkan secara internasional, namun ketersediaanya masih mengandalkan hasil tangkapan alam, disisi lain upaya budidayanya sangat minim dilakukan. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui perkembangan larva D. hexazona hingga ukuran benih dan faktor lingkungan yang mempengaruhi pemijahan sebagai data dukung penelitian ini juga melakukan kajian ekologi ikan D. hexazona. Koleksi dan studi ekologi D. hexazona dilakukan di hutan gambut propinsi Riau pada Agustus2014, sedangkan proses pembenihan dan pengamatan perkembangan larvanya dilakukan di laboratorium dengan menggunakan mikroskop cahaya yang terhubung dengan sistem komputer. Pemijahan ikan D. hexazona terjadi pada media pemeliharaan dengan kandungan bahan organik 200-300 ppm. Proses ontogeni D. hexazona pada suhu 28-30oC terjadi sebanyak 12 fase (stage) perkembangan selama 31 hari yaitu fase bintik mata, fase gelembung renang, fase bukaan mulut, fase penyempurnaan organ mulut, fase membran sirip mereduksi, fase terbentuk dua bagian gelembung renang, fase pita hitam (bar), fase sirip belakang (anal fin), fase sirip perut (pectoral fin) dan fase terakhir yaitu perkembangan larva. Pada hari ke 31 panjang total larva mencapai ±10,17 mm. Organ pencernaan mulai sempurna seiring dengan berkurangnya volume kuning telur yaitu pada hari kesembilan setelah menetas. Perkembangan sirip larva dimulai dari sirip dorsal dan anal selanjutnya sirip ventral dan sirip caudal dan terakhir sirip pectoral. Pigmen pita (barb) mulai terbentuk hari kesembilanbelas setelah menetas dan mulai sempurna pada hari ke-27 setelah menetas. Secara ekologi ikan D. hexazona ditemukan di zona penyangga dan zona inti yaitu perairan gambut dengan kualitas air sebagai berikut; pH: 3,69-3,85; DO: 0,7-4,7 ppm; TDS: 292-346 ppm; konduktifitas: 96-134 µS/L; NO3: 7,4-20,3 ppm dan kandungan bahan organik berkisar antara 200 hingga 400 ppm.

Desmopuntius hexazona, or six-banded tiger barb, is a cyprinid fish that inhabits peat swamps and associated with black water streams. This species native to the Southeast Asia, from the Mekong drainage basin to the Malay Peninsula to Sumatra and Borneo. As ornamental fish, D. hexazona has been traded in the international market, but still rely on catches from the wild. Therefore, their sustainability was questionable. This research aims to examine the larvae development of D. hexazona and its associated environmental factors. Data collection and ecology conducted in the peat swamps in Riau Province. While, study of larva development was conducted in the Research and Development Institute for Ornamental Fish Culture. The careful observation of the process embryonic development larval six-barb carried done by using light microscope. The ontogeny process of D. hexazona on normal conditions (28-30oC) allowed into 12 stages based on diagnostic features of the developing embryos for 31 days and total body length 10.17 mm. Bio-ecological studies D. hexazona showed this fish inhabiting the waters with high total organic material content (200-400 ppm).


Keywords


Perkembangan larva; ekologi; lahan gambut; Desmopuntius hexazona; Bukit Batu Riau

Full Text:

PDF

References


Al Hazzaal, R., & Hussein, A.R. (2007). Larval development of Himri (Barbus luteus) (Cyprinidae: Cypriniformes) reared in the laboratory. Turk J. Zool. (31), 27-33

Baras, E., Slembrouck, J., Priyadi, A., Satyani, D., Pouyaud, L. & Legendre, M. (2012). Biology and culture of the clown loach Chromobotia macracanthus (Cypriniformes, Cobitidae): 3-ontogeny, ecological and aquacultural implications. Aquat. Living. Resour. (25), 119–130.

Fahmi, M.R., Ginanjar, R., & Kusumah, R.V. (2015). Keragaman ikan hias di lahan gambut Cagar Biosfer Bukit-Batu, Propinsi Riau. Pros Sem Nas Masy Biodiv Indon (1) 1 DOI: 10.13057/psnmbi/m0101co01.

Heming, T.A., & Buddington, R.K. (1988). Yolk absorbtion in emryonic and larval fishes. In Hoar, W.S. and Randall D.J (eds). The physiology of develloping fish. Part A. Eegs and Larvae. Academic Press Inc. New York. Fish Physiology, XI: 407-445.

Iwamatsu, T. (2004). Review: Stages of normal development in the medaka Oryzias latipes. Mechanisms of Development (121), 605–618.

Iswanto, B., & Tahapari, E. (2011). Embriogenesis dan perkembangan larva patin hasil hibridisasi antara betina ikan patin siam (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus Sauvage, 1878) dengan jantan ikan patin jambal (Pangasius djambal Bleeker, 1846) dan jantan patin nasutus (Pangasius nasutus Bleeker, 1863). J. Ris. Akuakultur 6 (2), 169-186.

Kotellat, M. (1992). The identity of Barbus johorensis Duncker, 1904 (Teleostei: Cyprinidae). Raffles Buletin of Zoology 40(2), 187-192.

Kamler, E. (2002). Ontogeny of yolk-feeding fish: an ecological perspective. Rev. Fish Biol. Fish. (12), 79–103.

Morron, J.J. (1994). On the identification of area of endemism. Systematic Biology. 43(3), 438-441.

Nelson, J.A. (2015). The physiological ecology of fish from naturally acidic waters. In Riesch R, M. Tobler, and M. Plath (Editors). Extremophile Fishes: Ecology, evolution, and physiology of teleosts in extreme environments. Springer Cham Heidelber. London. 309 p.

Ng, P.K.L. (1992). On a new species of Blackwater Prawn, Macrobrachium oxyphilus (crustacea: decapoda: caridea: palaemonidae), from peat swamps in Peninsular Malaysia. Zoolocische Mededelingen (1), 66.

Ng, P.K.L., & Tan, H.H. (1997). Freshwater fishes of Southeast Asia: potential for the aquarium fish trade and conservation issues. Aquarium Sciences and Conservation (1), 79–90.

Posa, M.R.C., Wijedasa, L.S. & Corlet, R.T. (2011). Biodiversity and conservation of tropical peat swamp forests. American Institute of Biological Sciences. BioScience (61), 49–57. doi:10.1525/bio.2011.61.1.10.

Rosli, N., Gandaseca, S., Ismail, J., & Jailan, M.I. (2010). Comparative study of water quality at different peat swamp forest of Batang Igan, Sibu Sarawak. American Journal of Environmental Sciences 6 (5), 416-421.

Shah, A.S.R.M., Zarul, H.H., Chan, K.Y., Zakaria, R., Khoo, K.H., & Mashhor, M. (2006). A Recent Survey of Freshwater Fishes of The Paya Beriah Peat Swamp Forest, North Perak, Malaysia. Journal Biosains 17 (1), 51-64.

Taki, Y., Katsuyama, A., & Vrushido, T. (1977). Comparative morphology and interspecific relationships of the Cyprinid genus Puntius. Japanese J. of Ichthyology. 25(l), 1-7.

Tamaru, C.S., Cole, B., Bailey, R., & Brown, C. (1997). A Manual for Commercial Production of the Tiger Barb, Capoeta tetrazona, A Temporary Paired Tank Spawner. Center for Tropical and Subtropical Aquaculture. 129p.

Willmer, P., Stone, G., & Johnston, I. (2005). Environmental Physiology of Animals. Blackwell Publishing. 715p.

Winfield, I.J., & Nelson, J.S. (1991). Cyprinid fishes: systematics, biology and exploitation. Thomson Press (India) Ltd. New Delhi. 686 p.

Yule, C.M. (2010). Loss of biodiversity and ecosystem functioning in Indo-Malayan peat swamp forests. Biodivers Conserv (19),393–409. Doi. 10.1007/s10531-008-9510-5.

Yúfera, M., & Darias, M.J. (2007). The onset of exogenous feeding in marine fish larvae. Aquaculture (268), 253–263.




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/bawal.8.2.2016.65-76


Creative Commons License
Bawal Widya Riset Perikanan Tangkap is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
View My Stats
p-ISSN 1907-8226
e-ISSN 2502-6410

Find in a library with WorldCatCrossref logo
SHERPA/RoMEO Logogoogle scholardoaj