KAJIAN BIOLOGI UDANG JERBUNG (Penaeus merguiensis De Man, 1888) DI PERAIRAN UTARA JAWA TENGAH
Abstract
Penangkapan berlebih dapat menyebabkan penurunan stok udang jerbung di Perairan Utara Jawa Tengah sehingga mengancam kelestariannya. Oleh sebab itu, diperlukan penelitian tentang kajian biologi udang jerbung sebagai dasar pengelolaan perikanan udang di Perairan Utara Jawa Tengah. Penelitian dilakukan di tempat pendaratan udang di Cirebon dan Pemalang dari bulan April – Agustus 2015. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengkaji aspek biologi udang jerbung melalui pengamatan frekuensi panjang, hubungan panjang berat, faktor kondisi, nisbah kelamin, tingkat kematangan gonad, rata-rata panjang karapas udang matang gonad (Lm) dan rata-rata panjang karapas udang tertangkap (Lc). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, modus panjang karapas udang jantan dan betina sebesar 28 mm. Pertambahan panjang udang jantan dan betina, lebih cepat dari beratnya dengan tingkat kegemukan yang rendah. Nisbah kelamin seimbang pada bulan April-Mei dan tidak seimbang pada bulan Juli dan Agustus. Persentase tertinggi udang betina matang gonad yaitu pada bulan Mei sebesar 40,2 %. Nilai Lc sebesar 29,4 mmCL lebih rendah dari Lm sebesar 42,85 mmCL yang berarti rata-rata udang yang tertangkap merupakan udang yang belum matang gonad.
Biological information of banana prawn as crucial for managing shrimp fishery in the northern waters of Central Java. The research aims to biological aspects of banana prawn. The study was conducted in landing site of prawn in Cirebon and Pemalang on April-August 2015. Length frequency, length weight relationship, Condition Factor, sex ratio, gonadal maturity, length at first capture (Lc) and length at first mature at gonad maturity (Lm) were determined. The results showed that the mode of carapace length was 28 mm. The growth of length (both male and female) were faster than the weight. The sex ratio was equal on April-Mei and unequal on July and August. The highest percentage of mature female was on May (40.2%) which indicates as spawning season. The length at first capture was 29.4 mmCL which was lower than length at first mature (42.85 mmCL). That finding implied that the average size of prawn being captured was immature prawns.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Bal, D.V., & Rao, K.V. (1984). Marine fisheries (p. 5–24). Tata Mc. Graw–Hill Publishing Company Limited, New Delhi.
Boutson, A., Mahasawasde, C., Tunkijjanukij, S., & Arimoto, T. (2009). Use of escape vents to improve siza and species selectivity of collapsible pot for blue swimming crab Portunus pelagicus in Thailand. Fish. Sci. 75, 25-33.
Chow, S., & Sandifer, P.A. (1991). Differences in growth, morphometric traits, and male sexual maturity among pacific white shrimp, Penaeusvannamei, from different commercial hatcheries. Aquaculture. 31, 165–179.
Courtney, A.J., Die, D.J., & MacGilvray, J.G. (1996). Lunar periodicity in catch rates and reproductive conditions of adult eastern king prawns, Penaeus plebejus in coastal waters of South-eastern Queensland, Australia. Mar. Freshwater Res. 47, 67–76.
Effendie, M.I. (2002). Biologi perikanan. Yayasan Pustaka Nusantara. Yogyakarta.
Ernawati, T., & Sumiono, B. (2010). Hasil Tangkapan dan Laju Tangkap Jaring Arad (Mini Bottom Trawl) yang Berbasis di TPI Asemdoyong Pemalang. Jurnal Penelitian Perikanan Indonesia. 16(4), 259-266.
Gautam, K., Nazar, A.R., Ganesh, E.A., Mahendran, S., & Mahadevan, G. (2014). Study of length and weight relationship of Litopenaeus vannamei from east coast of India. International Journal of Science Inventions Today. 3(4), 365-376.
Hargiyatno, I.T., Sumiono, B., & Suharyanto. (2013). Laju Tangkap, kepadatan stok dan beberapa aspek biologi udang jerbung (Penaeus merguiensis) di Perairan Dolak, Laut Arafura. Bawal. 5(2), 123-129.
King, M. (1995). Fishery biology, assessment and management (p 341). United Kingdom: Fishing New Books.
Lowry, N. (2007). Biology and Fisheries for the Spot Prawn (Pandalus platyceros). Pro Quest Information and Learning Company. US. p. 211.
Motoh, H. (1981). Studies on The Fisheries Biology of The Giant Tiger Prawn, Penaeus monodon, in The Philippines. SEAFDEC Tech. p 128.
Naamin, N. (1992). Perkembangan perikanan udang di Indonesia. Prosiding Seminar II Perikanan Udang. Jakarta.
Najid, A., Pariwono, J., Bengen, D.G., Nurhakim, S., & Atmadipoera, A.S. (2012). Pola musiman dan antar tahunan salinitas permukaan laut di Perairan Utara Jawa Tengah-Madura. Maspari Journal. 4(2), 168-177.
Olawusi-Peters O, Adefemi, A., & Bello-Olusoji O. (2014). Length-weight relationship and condition factor of shrimps in coastal waters of Ondo state, South West, Nigeria. International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies. 1(3), 137-142.
Oluboba T.F. (2015). Comparative Biology of the Pink Shrimp, Penaeus notialis (Perez-Farfante), and Giant Tiger Shrimp, Penaeus monodon (Fabricius), in the Lagos Lagoon, Nigeria. Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare. 5(17), 97-108.
Pauly, D. (1983). Some simple methods for the assessment of tropical fish stocks. Rome. FAO Fisheries Tech. p 234.
Saputra, S.W., Djuwito. & Rutiyaningsih, A. (2013). Beberapa aspek biologi udang jerbung (Penaeus merguiensis) di Perairan Pantai Cilacap Jawa. Journal of Management of Aquatic Resources. 2(3), 47-55.
Sarada, P.T. (2009). On the fishery and some aspects of biology of Penaeus (Melicertus) canaliculatus landed at Puthiappa, Kozhikode, southwest coast of India. J. Mar. Biol. Ass. India. 51(1), 126-129.
Suman, A., Wudianto., Sumiono, B., Irianto, H.E., Badrudin., & Amri, K. (2014). Potensi lestari dan tingkat pemanfaatan sumberdaya ikan di WPP RI. Ref Graphica. Jakarta.
Sumiono, B., Aisyah., & Badrudin. (2011). Proporsi Udang dan Hasil Tangkapan Sampingan Perikanan Pukat Udang di Dub Area Laut Arafura. Jurnal Penelitian Perikanan Indonesia. 17(1), 41-49.
Walpole, R.V. E. (1993). Pengantar statistik (p 321). Terjemahan B. Sumantri (Edisi Tiga). PT. Gramedia. Jakarta.
Wedjatmiko & Yulianti. (2003). Beberapa aspek biologi udang jerbung (Penaeus merguiensis) di Perairan Mayangan, Pantai Utara Jawa Tengah Barat. Jurnal Penelitian Perikanan Indonesia. 9(3), 27-34.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/bawal.8.2.2016.109-116
Bawal Widya Riset Perikanan Tangkap is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
View My Stats
p-ISSN 1907-8226
e-ISSN 2502-6410
