STRUKTUR UKURAN DAN PARAMETER POPULASI IKAN LEMADANG (Coryphaena hippurus Linnaeus, 1758 ) DI LAUT SULAWESI
Abstract
Ikan lemadang (Coryphaena hippurus Linnaeus 1758.) dalam perdagangan internasional dikenal dengan nama mahi-mahi atau dolphinfish termasuk dalam family Coryphaenidae. Sebagai ikan pelagis, oseanik, bermigrasi jauh serta tersebar di perairan tropis dan subtropis di seluruh dunia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji struktur ukuran dan parameter populasi ikan lemadang di Luat Sulawesi. Pengumpulan data dilakukan di Pelabuhan Perikanan Samudera Bitung, Sulawesi Utara, pada Februari-Desember 2012. Data perikanan dianalisis dari rekaman data pendaratan tahunan di Pelabuhan Perikanan Bitung pada kurun waktu 2004–2014. Analisis parameter laju pertumbuhan menggunakan pendekatan pergeseran modus, sedangkan perkiraan tingkat pemanfaatan dilakukan dengan menggunakan program FISAT II. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebaran panjang cagak ikan lemadang (Coryphaena hippurus) dari sampel 4160 ekor ikan tercatat panjang minimum 30 cm FL, panjang maksimum 121 cmFL dan panjang-rata-rata 59,8 + 1,39 cm, dengan berat rata-rata sebesar 2,1 + 1,52 kg. Pola pertumbuhan bersifat isometrik dengan persamaan hubungan panjang-berat W=0,000003L3,2203 (r2=0,93). Pendugaan parameter populasi ikan lemadang di Laut Sulawesi diperoleh panjang asimtotik (L∞) = 154 cmFL, kecepatan pertumbuhan (K) = 0,75 per tahun dan umur pada saat ditetaskan (t0)= 0,25 tahun. Mortalitas total (Z) adalah 4,37 per tahun dengan mortalitas alami (M) dan mortalitas penangkapan (F) masing-masing 0,97/tahun dan 3,40/tahun. Tingkat eksploitasi (E) ikan lemadang diperkirakan sebesar 1,28. Hal ini berarti tingkat pemanfaatan ikan lemadang di Laut Sulawesi berada pada status telah tereksploitasi tinggi.
Mahi-mahi or dolphinfish (Coryphaena hippurus) are oceanic, highly migratory, and geographically exist in tropical and subtropical waters. This research aims to examine size structures and population parameter of mahi-mahi of the Celebes Sea. This research conducted in the Bitung fishing port during February to December 2012. The fisheries data from 2004 to 2014 periods used to examine the annual trend of catch landing. Growth parameters were analyzed based on length based by using modal progression analyses. The exploitation level measured by using FISAT II software. The results showed that the length distribution of fish during sampling periods ranged of 30 cmFL to 121 cmFL. The average length was 59.8 + 1.39 cm, with average weight of 2.1 + 1.52 kg. Length and weight relationship followed equation of W = 0.000003 L3, 2203 (r2 = 0.9335). Population parameters included asymptotic length growth rate (L∞) was 154 cmFL, growth rate (K) = 0.75per year and zero age (t0) was 0.25 years. The total mortality index (Z) was 4.37 per year, natural mortality (M) and fishing mortality (F) were 0.97 per year and 3.40 per year, respectively. The estimated exploitation rate (E) was 1.28 per year, this indicate that the status of mahi-mahi in the area of sampling were at moderate level.
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/bawal.8.3.2016.147-158
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