PARAMETER POPULASI IKAN TONGKOL KRAI (Auxis thazard) DI PERAIRAN SIBOLGA DAN SEKITARNYA

Hety Hartaty, Bram Setyadji

Abstract


Tongkol krai (Auxis thazard) merupakan salah satu jenis ikan pelagis dengan nilai ekonomis tinggi di Indonesia, khususnya di perairan Sibolga dan sekitarnya. Eksploitasi terhadap spesies ini terus meningkat sepanjang tahun dan umumnya tertangkap oleh alat tangkap pukat cincin. Tingkat eksploitasi yang intensif terhadap spesies ini tidak disertai dengan studi kajian stok seperti penentuan parameter populasi. Tujuan dari penelitian adalah menentukan beberapa parameter populasi yang dapat dijadikan sebagai bahan pertimbangan pengelolaan perikanan tuna neritik di perairan Sibolga dan sekitarnya. Pengumpukan data yakni data bulanan ukuran panjang dan berat individu ikan dilakukan di PPN Sibolga selama bulan Januari – Desember 2013. Parameter populasi dihasilkan dari analisa berbasis data panjang menggunakan perangkat lunak FAO-ICLARM Stock Assessment Tools II (FiSAT-II). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan panjang ikan tongkol krai yang tertangkap berkisar antara 19 - 45 cmFL atau  panjang rata-rata 32,91 cmFL. Panjang asimtotik (L) sebesar 47,9 cmFL dengan koefisien laju pertumbuhan (K) sebesar 0,58 per tahun dan umur pada saat memijah (t0) sebesar -0,246 tahun. Nilai mortalitas alami (M) sebesar 1,08 per tahun, mortalitas akibat penangkapan (F) sebesar 0,63 per tahun dan mortalitas total (Z) 1,71 per tahun. Laju eksploitasi (E) relatif rendah yaitu 0,37 sehingga eksploitasinya berpeluang untuk ditingkatkan sekitar 30% dari tingkat exploitasi aktual tangkapan saat sekarang untuk mencapai pemanfaatan optimum (E = 0,5).

 

Frigate tuna (Auxis thazard) considered as one of the high-valued fish in Indonesian market, especially in Sibolga and its adjacent waters. The exploitation of this commodity is increasing every year and mainly contribued by purse seiners. However, there is lack of proper stock analysis such as determining of biological population parameters. The objective of this study was to obtain several biological population parameters based on length data. Size data was collected by enumerators based at PPN Sibolga from January to December 2013. The results showed that frigate tuna distributed from 19-45 cmFL with an average length of 32.91 cmFL. Asymptotic length (L∞) was estimated about 47.9 cmFL, growth rate (K) was 0.58 year-1 and the age in early condition (to) was -0.246 year. Total mortality (Z) was 1.71 year-1, natural mortality (M) was 1.08 year-1 and fishing mortality (F) was 0.63 year-1. The exploitation rate (E) of frigate tuna considered relativelly low (E=0.37). There is possibility to increase fishing effort about 30% of actual level.


Keywords


Parameter populasi; Auxis thazard; Sibolga

Full Text:

PDF

References


Abussamad, E.M., Koya, K.P., Rohith, P., & Kuriakaose, S. (2013). Neritic tuna fishery along the Indian coast and biology and population characteristics of longtail and frigate tuna. IOTC–2013–WPNT03–18 Rev_2, (p.8).

Anonimus. (2012). Riset Karakteristik Perikanan Tuna di Samudera Hindia. Laporan Akhir. Loka Penelitian Perikanan Tuna. Pusat Penelitian Pengelolaan Perikanan dan Konservasi Sumberdaya Ikan. Balitbang KP.

Anonimus. (2013). Data Statistik Perikanan PPN Sibolga. Sumatera Utara

Indian Ocean Tuna Commission (IOTC). (2014). Report of the Fourth Session of the IOTC Working Party on Neritic Tunas (p.90). Phuket, Thailand 29 June-2 July 2014. IOTC–2014–WPNT04– R[E].

Brett, J. R. (1979). Environmental factors and growth. In W. S. Hoar, D. J. Randall, & J. R. Brett (Eds.), Fish Physiology 8 (pp. 599–675). New York. Academic Press.

Collette, B.B. & Nauen, C.E. (1983). FAO species catalogue. Vol. 2. Scombrids of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of tunas, mackerels, bonitos and related species known to date. FAO Fish.Synop., 125 (2): 137.

Collette, B.B., & Aadland, C.R. (1996). Revision of the frigate tunas (Scombridae, Auxis) with descriptions of two new subspecies from the eastern Pacific. Fishery Bulletin 94 (3), 423-441

Csirke, J. (1980). Recruitment in the Peruvian anchovy and its dependence on the adult population. Rapp.P.-v. Reun. CIEM. 177, 307-313.

Dwiponggo, A., Hariati, T., Banon, S., Palomares, M. L., & Pauly, D. (1986). Growth, mortality and recruitment of commercially important fishes and penaeid shrimps in Indonesian waters. ICLARM Tech. Rep. 17, 91.

Elliott, J. M. (1976). The energetics of feeding, metabolism and growth of brown trout (Salmo trutta L.) in relation to body weight, water temperature and ration size. Journal of Animal Ecology, 45, 923–948.

Gulland, J.A. (1971). The Fish Resources of the Oceans. FAO/Fishing News Books, Ltd., Surrey, England.

Herera, M., & Pierre, L. (2009). Status of IOTC databases for neritic tuna. IOTC-2009-WPDCS-06, 46.

Iswarya, D., & Sujatha, K. (2012). Fishery and some aspects of reproductive biology of two coastal species of tuna, Auxis thazard (Lacepède, 1800) and Euthynnus affinis (Cantor, 1849) off north Andhra Pradesh, India. Indian J. Fish., 59(4), 67-76.

Jobling, M. (2002). Handbook of Fish Biology and Fisheries 1. In P.J.B. Hart, & J.D. Reynolds (Eds.), Fish Biology, Chapter V (pp.97-122). Blackwell Publishing.

Jones, C. M. (2002). Age and growth. In L.A. Fuiman, & R.G. Werner (Eds.), Fishery Science – The Unique Contributions of Early Life Stages (pp.33–63). Oxford. Blackwell Science Ltd.

Joseph, L., Maldeniya, R., & Van der Knaap, M. (1987). Fishery and age and growth of kawakawa (E. affinis) and frigate tuna (A.thazard). In Collective Volume of Working Documents presented at the Expert Consultation on Stock Assessment of Tunas in the Indian Ocean, Colombo, Sri Lanka, 4-8 December, 1986. Indo-Pac. Tuna Dev. Mgt. Programme. 2,113-23.

Jude, D., Neethiselvan, N., Gopalakrishnan, P., & Sugumar, G. (2002). Gill net selectivity studies for fishing frigate tuna, Auxis thazard Lacepede (Perciformes. Scrombidae) in Thoothukkudi (Tuticorin) waters southeast coast of India. India Journal of Marine Sciences, 31(4), 329-333.

Kamler, E. (1992). Early Life History of Fish – An Energetics Approach. London, Ldn: Chapman & Hall.

Keckeis, H., & Schiemer, F. (1992). Food consumption and growth of larvae and juveniles of three cyprinid species at different food levels. Environmental Biology of Fishes,33, 33–45.

Litvak, M. K., & Leggett, W.C. (1992). Age and size-selective predation on larval fishes: the bigger-is-better hypothesis revisited. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 81, 13–24.

Maguire, J.J., Sissenwine, M., Csirke, J., Grainger, R., & Garcia, S. (2006). The state of world highly migratory, straddling and other high seas fishery resources and associated species. FAO Fisheries Technical Paper, 495. Rome: FAO.

Noegroho, T., Hidayat, T., & Amri, K. (2013). Some biological aspects of frigate tuna (Auxis thazard), bullet tuna (Auxis rochei) and kawa kawa (Euthynnus affinis) in West Coast Sumatera IFMA 572, Eastern Indian Ocean. IOTC–2013–WPNT03–19, 13.

Pauly, D. (1979). On the inter relationships between natural mortality, growth parameters and mean environmental temperature in 175 fish stocks. J. Cons. Int. Explor. Mer., 39 (2), 175-192.

Pauly, D. (1984). Fish population dynamics in tropical waters: A manual for use with programmable calculators. ICLARM Studies and Reviews 8 (p.325). International Center for Living Aquatic Resources Management. Manila, Philippines.

Pauly, D. (1990). Length-converted catch curves and the seasonal growth of fishes. Fishbyte, 3(3), 22-38

Pepin, P., Dower, J. F., & Davidson, F. J. M. (2003). A spatially explicit study of prey–predator interactions in larval fish: assessing the influence of food and predator abundance on larval growth and survival. Fisheries Oceanography, 12, 19–33.

Punt, A.E., Huang, T.C., & Maunder, M.N. (2013). Review of integrated size-structured models for stock assessment of hard-to-age crustacean and mollusc species. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 70(1), 16-33.

Roberts E.P., Eggleston, D., & James, G. D. (1997). Frigate tuna Auxis thazard in New Zealand waters (note). Fisheries Research Division, Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries, P.O. Box 19–062, Wellington, New Zealand.

Schluderman, E., Keckeis, H., & Nemeschkal, L. (2009). Effect of initial size on daily growth and survival in freshwater Chondrostoma nasus larvae: a field survey. Journal of Fish Biology, 74, 939-955.

Sparre, P., & Venema, S. C. (1999). Introduksi Pengkajian Stok Ikan Tropis, Buku I: Manual (p.438). Diterjemahkan oleh Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perikanan. Organisasi Pangan dan Pertanian. Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa. Jakarta. Indonesia.

Tao Yu, Chen Mingrul, Du Jianguo, Lu Zhenbin & Shengyun, Y. (2012). Age and growth changes and population dynamics of the black pomfret (Parastromateus niger) and the frigate tuna (Auxis thazard thazard) in the Taiwan Strait. Department of Oceanography, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China Lat. Am. J. Aquat. Res., 40(3), 649-656.

Widodo. A.A., Satria, F., Sadiyah, L., & Riyanto, J. (2011). Neritic tuna species caught drifting gillnet in indianocean based in Cilacap Indonesia. IOTC-2011-WPNT01-21, 19.

Yesaki, M., & Arce, F. (1993). A Review of the Auxis fisheries of the Philippines and some aspects of the biology of frigate (A. thazard) and bullet (A. rochei) tunas in the Indo-Pacific region. Interactions of Pacific tuna fisheries. Proceedings of the first FAO Expert Consultation on Interactions of Pacific Tuna Fisheries. Noumea, New Caledonia. Volume 2: papers on biology and fisheries. FAO Fisheries Technical Paper, 2 (336), 409-439.

Yuniarti, A., Maslukah, L., & Helmi, M. (2013). Studi variabilitas suhu permukaan laut berdasarkan citra satelit aqua MODIS tahun 2007-2011 di Perairan Selat Bali. Jurnal Oseanografi, 2(4), 416-421.





Creative Commons License
Bawal Widya Riset Perikanan Tangkap is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
View My Stats
p-ISSN 1907-8226
e-ISSN 2502-6410