BIOLOGI REPRODUKSI IKAN TONGKOL ABU-ABU (Thunnus tonggol) DI PERAIRAN LAUT CINA SELATAN

Thomas Hidayat, Tegoeh Noegroho

Abstract


Ikan tongkol abu-abu (Thunnus tonggol) tertangkap di Laut Cina Selatan dan bernilai ekonomis penting. Trend produksi berfluktuatif, 2009-2011 meningkat, menurun pada 2013 dan 2015 meningkat kembali. Seiring dengan meningkatnya permintaan, pemanfaatan tongkol abu-abu harus dikelola agar ketersediaannya tetap berkesinambungan. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengkaji biologi reproduksi ikan tongkol abu-abu sebagai bahan kebijakan pengelolaan yang lestari. Kajian yang dilakukan meliputi struktur ukuran, hubungan panjang dan berat, nisbah kelamin, tingkat kematangan gonad (TKG), indeks kematangan gonad (IKG), rata-rata ukuran pertama kali tertangkap dan matang gonad serta kebiasaan makanan. Pengumpulan sampel dilakukan oleh enumerator di PPN Pemangkat, Kalimantan Barat pada Januari sampai November 2014. Data yang dikumpulkan meliputi panjang, berat, jenis kelamin, tingkat kematangan gonad, dan isi lambung. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sebaran panjang ikan tongkol abu-abu pada kisaran 29-80 cmFL dan modus 47-49 cmFL, pertumbuhan bersifat isometrik, nisbah kelamin jantan dan betina menunjukkan kondisi seimbang, ukuran rata-rata pertama kali tertangkap (Lc) pada panjang 47,8 cmFL, ukuran pertama kali matang gonad (Lm) 41,1 cmFL. Dari data TKG dan IKG, prediksi musim pemijahan berlangsung pada Mei dan Agustus. Hasil pengamatan isi lambung menunjukkan bahwa ikan tongkol abu-abu tergolong ikan karnivora. Dari hasil penelitian rekomendasi untuk kebijakan pengelolaan adalah penetapan penutupan musim dan daerah penangkapan pada bulan Mei dan Agustus pada wilayah perairan yang diduga sebagai daerah pemijahan, penetapan kuota ukuran tangkapan lebih besar dari Lm 41,1 cmFL dan alternatif wisata pancing dengan ukuran mata pancing yang hanya menangkap ukuran yang sudah matang gonad.

Longtail tuna (Thunnus tonggol) were caught in the South China Sea has important economic value. The catch trend fluctuates, increase in 2009 - 2011, decrease in 2013 and increase in 2015. High demand of this resource asked a proper management to ensure sustainability. The objective of the research was to investigate the reproductive biology of longtail tuna as an recommendation of fisheries management. Analysis was conducted to examine the size structure, the length and weight relationship, sex ratio, maturity stage, gonad somatic index (GSI), Length at first capture and Length at first maturity and food habits. Sample collection was conducted monthly by enumerators in the Pemangkat Fishing Port, West Kalimantan in January to November 2014. Data containing length, weight, sex, maturity stage, and stomach contents. The results showed that the length of longtail tuna in range of 29-80 cmFL and the mode of 47-49 cmFL, the growth is isometric, the sex ratio male and female showed a balanced condition, the average Length at first capture (Lc) at 47.8 cmFL, Length at first maturity (Lm) 41.1 cmFL. Based on maturity stage and GSI data, it predict that the spawning season takes place in May and August. Observations of the stomach contents showed longtail tuna is carnivorous fish. It suggest the close seasons and close areas in May and August on the location suspected as spawning areas, determination of the legal size is bigger than 41.1 cmFL and encourage the recreational fishing as an alternative with specific size of the hook that caught the mature size fish.


Keywords


Biologi reproduksi; tongkol abu-abu; musim pemijahan; Laut Cina Selatan

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References


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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/bawal.10.1.2018.17-28


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