PARAMETER POPULASI HIU KEJEN (Carcharhinus falciformis) DI PERAIRAN SELATAN NUSA TENGGARA BARAT

Umi Chodrijah, Irwan Jatmiko, Agus Arifin Sentosa

Abstract


Hiu kejen atau silky shark (Carcharhinus falciformis) merupakan salah satu spesies hiu dari famili Carcharhinidae yang banyak tertangkap di Samudera Hindia Selatan Jawa. Berdasarkan keputusan sidang CoP-17 di Johannesburg species ini masuk dalam daftar merah Apendik II CITES, sejak saat itu pengelolaan hiu kejen menjadi perhatian khusus pada perikanan tangkap. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan informasi parameter populasi ikan hiu kejen di perairan Samudera Hindia bagian Selatan Nusa Tenggara. Penelitian dilakukan di Tempat Pendaratan Ikan Tanjungluar, Lombok Timur tahun 2016. Pengukuran contoh hiu meliputi panjang total tubuh, nisbah kelamin serta panjang klasper. Hasil penelitian terhadap 3002 ekor ikan contoh menunjukkan bahwa kisaran panjang total hiu kejen (Carcharhinus falciformis) antara 65-300 cm (betina) dan 74-315 cm (jantan). Rerata ukuran panjang total adalah 187,66 cm (betina) dan 195 cm (jantan). Parameter pertumbuhan menurut Von Bertalanffy, meliputi laju pertumbuhan (K), panjang asimptotik (L) dan umur ikan pada saat panjang ke-0 (t0), masing-masing sebesar 0,42/tahun; 331,28 cmTL dan -0,20/ tahun. Persamaan kurva pertumbuhan von Bertalanffy untuk hiu kejen yaitu Lt = 331,28[1–e–0.,42(t+0.20)]. Parameter mortalitas hiu kejen meliputi laju kematian total (Z), laju kematian alamiah (M) dan laju kematian karena penangkapan (F) masing-masing sebesar 2,79/tahun; 0,49/tahun dan 2,30/tahun. Laju eksploitasi (E) hiu kejen sebesar 0,82 menandakan eksploitasi terhadap spesies ini cenderung sudah tinggi.

Silky shark (Carcharhinus falciformis) is one of the family Carcharhinidae that commonly caught in the Indian Ocean South of Java. The purpose of this study was to obtain information on the populations parameters of silky shark caught in the waters of Indian Ocean Southern part of Nusa Tenggara. The study was conducted at fish landing sites in Tanjungluar, East Lombok from January to December 2016. The method used in this research was survey method. Observations included total body length, sex ratio and clasper length measured with direct measurements and visual observations in the field. From a total 3002 fish samples showed that the total length range for silky shark (Carcharhinus falciformis) caught in the waters of the Indian Ocean landed in Tanjungluar were between 65-300 cm TL (female) and 74-315 cmTL (male), with the average length of 187, 66 cmTL (female) and 195 cm TL (male). The estimated Von Bertalanffy growth parameters of length infinity (L), growth rate (K) and theoretical age of fish at zero length (t0) were 331.28 cmTL, 0.42 / year and -0.20 years, respectively. The Von Bertalanffy growth equation for silky shark was Lt = 331.28 [1-e-0.42(t+0.20)]. The calculated Parameters for silky shark mortality including total mortality rate (Z), the natural mortality rate (M) and the fishing mortality rate (F) were 2.79 / year, 0:49 / year and 2.30 / year, respectively. The exploitation rate (E) of silky shark of 0.82 indicates the exploitation of this species has already high.


Keywords


Carcharhinus falciformis; parameter populasi; Nusa Tenggara Barat

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/bawal.9.3.2017.175-183


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