STRUKTURGENETIKPOPULASI IKANBELIDA (Chitala lopis, Bleeker 1851) DIWADUK KUTOPANJANG

Abstract

Bendungan atau waduk memainkan peranan yang penting dalam kehidupan manusia, menyediakan air, mengendalikan banjir, irigasi pertanian, fasilitasi navigasi, pariwisata, dan pembangkit tenaga listrik. Namun demikian, waduk menghasilkan fragmentasi habitat dan perubahan ekosistem yang memiliki dampak bagi fauna perairan. Penelitian tentang genetika populasi ikan belida (Chitala lopis) dilakukan  pada tahun 2010 di Waduk Kutopanjang dan Sungai Kampar Provinsi Riau. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui fenomena integritas genetik populasi ikan belida (Chitala lopis, Bleeker 1851) di Waduk Kutopanjang dan Sungai Kampar. Contoh diambil secara acak dengan jumlah 10 spesimen di Waduk Kutopanjang dan 38 spesimen di Sungai Kampar. Darah ikan belida dari masing-masing spesimen  dikoleksi dan diekstraksi menggunakan “Geneaid DNA ekstraksi kit”. Bagian gen mtDNA yang digunakan adalah daerah D_Loop. Integrasi genetik kelompok ikan belida di Sungai Kampar dan Waduk Kutopanjang dibandingkan melalui analisis filogeni Neighbour Joining (NJ) Kimura 2 parameter. Analisa jarak genetik Nei menggunakan Program MEGA 4.0 dan AMOVA dalam Program ARLEQUIN 4.0. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan populasi ikan belida di waduk Kutopanjang secara genetik tidak berbeda dengan populasi ikan belida di Sungai Kampar.

Reservoir or man made lake plays important role in human lives, providing water, flood control, agriculture irrigation, navigation facilities, tourism and hydroelectric power plant. However, reservoir leads to habitat fragmentation and environmental changes which have negative impacts on aquatic animal. Research on genetic population of giant featherback conducted in 2010 at Kutopanjang reservoir and Kampar River Riau Province. The research objective is to determine genetic structure of giant featherback population (Chitala lopis, Bleeker 1851) in Kutopanjang reservoir and Kampar River. Samples were randomly selected in large of 10 specimens in Kutopanjang reservoir and 38 specimens from Kampar River. Giant fetaherback’s blood from each specimen was collected and extracted using “Geneaid DNA extraction kit”. The part of DNA mitochondrial that been utilized was gen D_loop. Genetic structure of giant featherback between Kampar River and Kutopanjang reservoir were compared using analysis of phylogeny neighbor Joining (NJ) Kimura 2 parameters. Nei’s genetic distance calculated using MEGA 4.0 and AMOVA in Arlequin 4.0 program. The result informs that giant featherback population in Kutopanjang reservoirs is genetically similar with Kampar River.