SEBARAN DAN KEPADATAN MEGABENTOS DI PERAIRAN PULAU BUTON, SULAWESI TENGGARA
Abstract
Perairan Pulau Buton dan sekitarnya dengan wilayah terumbu karang yang cukup luas, kaya keanekaragaman hayati laut dan nilai estetika yang tinggi. Terumbu karang bermanfaat banyak bagi manusia dalam berbagai aspek ekonomi, sosial, dan budaya. Penelitian megabentos pada ekosistem terumbu karang ini telah dilakukan pada 2016 (April), 2017 (Juni) dan 2018 (Mei). Pengamatan dilakukan pada 15 stasiun yang tersebar pada pulau-pulau besar dan kecil dari timur hingga barat. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui sebaran dan kepadatan megabentos serta kemiripan spesies antar stasiun pada perairan tersebut. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode Reef Check Benthos (RCB). Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan ada delapan spesies megabentos, diantaranya Drupella cornus menyebar secara luas (100%), dan memiliki nilai total kelimpahan individu tertinggi, berkisar antara 35,7 – 57,9%, (472 – 704 individu). Sedangkan Acanthaster planci memiliki sebaran yang terbatas dengan kelimpahan individu yang rendah (0,3 – 1,0%). Kepadatan individu megabentos pada pengamatan April berkisar antara 0,16 – 2,31 individu/140m2, pada Juni berkisar antara 0,11 – 1,47 individu/140m2 dan 0,11 – 1,24 individu/140m2 pada Mei. Dari tiga tahun pengamatan (2016 – 2018) kelimpahan rata-rata individu megabentos tidak ditemukan adanya perbedaan yang signifikan. Hasil analisa klaster menunjukkan bahwa kehadiran setiap spesies megabentos antar stasiun pengamatan dipengaruhi oleh kemiripan tipe substrat dan habitat.
The waters of Buton Island and its surrounding, has a large coral reef area with high species biodiversity and has an aesthetics value and beneficial for human being in many aspects such as economics, social and culture. Researches on megabenthos in coral reef ecosystems have been conducted in 2016 (April), 2017 (June) and 2018 (May) at 15 stations around large and small islands scattered from east to west. The aims of this study were to know the distribution and abundance of megabenthos and similarity of species between stations in these waters. Data collection is conducted using the Reef Check Benthos (RCB) method. The results shows that eight megabenthos was found, where Drupella cornus has a wide distribution (100%), and has the highest total value of individual abundance, ranging from 35.7 - 57.9%, (472 - 704 individuals). Whereas Acanthaster planci has a limited distribution with a low abundance of individuals (0.3 - 1.0%). The abundance of megabenthos in April’s observations ranged from 0.16 - 2.31 individuals/140m2, in June it ranged from 0.11 - 1.47 individuals/140m2 and 0.11 - 1.24 individuals/140m2 in May. In three years of observation (2016 - 2018) the average abundance of megabenthos individuals is not significantly different. The results of cluster analysis showed that the similarity of megabenthos species between observation stations was influenced by similarities in substrate type and habitat.
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/bawal.11.2.2019.79-93
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