PARAMETER POPULASI, ASPEK REPRODUKSI DAN PENANGKAPAN IKAN KEMBUNG (Rastrelliger brachysoma Bleeker, 1851) DI PERAIRAN TANGERANG

Abstract

Ikan kembung (Rastrelliger brachysoma) mempunyai nilai ekonomi tinggi di Indonesia dan Asia Tenggara. Pemanfaatannya sudah berlangsung lama secara intensif, sehingga memerlukan data dan informasi terkini. Dalam makalah ini mengkaji parameter populasi, aspek reproduksi dan aspek penangkapan sebagai bahan pengelolaan sumberdaya ikan kembung. Penelitian dilakukan di Wilayah Tangerang dengan perolehan data dan informasi melalui enumerator dan observasi pada periode Januari-Desember 2016. Hasil penelitian didapatkan panjang cagak ikan kembung 10,4-20,5 cmFL, rerata15,9 cmFL, panjang pertama kali tertangkap 15,54 cmFL, panjang pertama matang gonad 14,1 cmFL dan panjang asimtotik(L)=21,26 cmFL. Laju pertumbuhan (K) = 1,33/tahun, laju kematian total 6,18/tahun, laju kematian alami (M)=2,37/tahun dan laju kematian karena penangkapan (F) = 3,81/tahun, laju eksploitasi (E)=0,62/tahun. Nisbah kelamin betina berbanding jantan= 1: 1,3. Persentase gonad matang dan indeks kematangan gonad tertinggi terjadi Februari dengan dugaan pemijahan terjadi pada Maret. Indeks kelimpahan (CPUE) tertinggi terjadi Mei dan puncak penangkapan terjadi September. Alat tangkap utama jaring insang dengan kontribusi ikan kembung rerata 23,38 %. Kontribusi produksi ikan kembung terhadap produksi perikanan total cenderung meningkat. Penangkapan ikan kembung dengan jaring insang dapat terus dilakukan dengan tidak menambah upaya.

Short mackerel (Rastrelliger brachysoma) has high economic value in Indonesia and Southeast Asia. Intensive exploitation has been going on for a long time, so it requires the latest data and information. This research to study population parameters, reproductive aspects and fishing aspects to support for short mackerel resource management. The research was conducted in the Tangerang area with data and information acquisition through enumerators and observations in the period January-December 2016. The results showed that the fork length of short mackerel was 10.4-20.5 cmFL, the average was 15.9 cmFL, the length of the first caught was 15.54 cmFL, the length of the first mature gonads was 14.1 cmFL and the asymptotic length (L)=21.26 cmFL. Growth rate (K)=1.33/year, total mortality rate 6.18/ year, natural mortality rate (M) = 2.37/year and fishing mortality rate (F) =3.81/year, exploitation rate (E)=0.62/year. Sex ratio of female against male = 1: 1.3. The highest percentage of mature gonads and maturity index of gonads occurred in February, with suspicion that spawning occurred in March. The highest abundance index (CPUE) occurred in May and the peak of fishing occurred in September. The main fishing gear of the gill nets with an average contribution of short mackerel 23.38%. The contribution of short mackerel production to total fishery production tends to increase. Catching short mackerel with gill nets can be continued without increasing effort.