ASPEK BIOLOGI DAN KELIMPAHAN HIU MAKO SIRIP PENDEK (Isurus oxyrinchus) DI SAMUDRA HINDIA BAGIAN TIMUR BERDASARKAN PROGRAM OBSERVER ILMIAH 2015-2019
Abstract
Hiu mako sirip pendek (Isurus oxyrinchus) termasuk kedalam Famili Lamnidae dan banyak dieksploitasi sehingga telah dimasukkan ke dalam daftar merah IUCN serta Apendiks II CITES sejak 2019. Penangkapan dan perdagangannya perlu dipantau secara global untuk menghindari kepunahan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji laju tangkap, kelimpahan, dan estimasi ukuran hiu mako yang tertangkap perikanan rawai tuna. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menempatkan tenaga observer ilmiah diatas kapal penangkap ikan yang berbasis di empat pelabuhan utama rawai tuna pada rentang waktu tahun 2015 hingga 2019. Bobot tubuh ikan diestimasi dari ukuran panjang cagaknya berdasarkan persamaan hubungan panjang dan bobot dari penelitian-penelitian sebelumnya. Hasil penelitian mengungkap bahwa terjadi peningkatan upaya rawai tuna seiring dengan peningkatan cakupan sampling. Laju tangkap mencapai puncaknya pada tahun 2017 (0,2 ekor/1000 pancing), kemudian mengalami penurunan seiring dengan peningkatan upaya penangkapan. Secara spasial, hiu mako tersebar di wilayah perairan tropis dan subtropis, khususnya kurang dari 10o Lintang Selatan. Pertumbuhan hiu mako bersifat isometrik dengan ukuran panjang cagak berkisar antara 50-211 cm. Rata-rata ukuran hiu yang tertangkap cenderung semakin besar dari tahun ke tahun sehingga dimungkinkan memiliki implikasi pada upaya pengelolaan dan konservasinya jenis yang terancam punah ini.
Shortfin mako shark (Isurus oxyrinchus) belongs to the Family Lamnidae and is widely exploited so it has been included in the IUCN red list as well as Appendix II CITES since 2019. Hence, its capture and trade need to be monitored globally to avoid extinction. This study aimed to investigate the catch rate, abundance, and size estimation of the shortfin mako shark caught by tuna longline. Data collection was conducted through the on-board scientific observer program on the fishing vessel at four main tuna longline ports during the period of 2015 to 2019. The whole-body weight was estimated by its length and weight relationship revealed from previous studies. The results showed that there was an increase in fishing efforts along with an increased sampling coverage. The catch rates peaked in 2017 (0.2 fish/1000 hooks), then, it decreased due to increased fishing efforts. Shortfin mako sharks were distributed spatially in both tropic and subtropic waters, mostly caught in area below than 10-degree South. An isometric growth was identified with the length size ranged between 50-211 cm. The average size of harvested fish tends to rise every year that may have implications to the establishment of management and conservation strategies for the endangered species.
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/bawal.13.1.2021.%25p
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