THE EFFECT OF ATTRACTOR MATERIAL ON PELAGIC FISH CAPTURED USING PAYANG BUGIS IN PASAURAN WATERS, PROVINCE OF BANTEN

Rumpon (fish aggregating device) as an auxiliary gear operated in Pasauran waters, Sunda Strait was longer and more widely used in Indonesia to catch pelagic fish. The characteristic species composition, size, and gonado somato index (GSI) pelagic fish around 3 kinds of rumpon attractor materials, i.e. Cocos nucifera, Nypa fructican, and Areca catechu leaves will determine the effects of attractor materials will affect the sustainability of pelagic fish associated. Identification and composition length, weight and gonado somato index pelagic fish were identified in this research with different attractor material in all seasons. Experimental fishing carried out by using payang Bugis. The result show that the Cocos nucifera leaves are the best attractor material based on the number of fish species and durability in all seasons. Further, the gonado somato index of small pelagic fish were caught around rumpon are gonado somato index I 4%, gonado somato index II 33%, gonado somato index III 35%, gonado somato index IV 25%, and gonado somato index V 3%. Pelagic fish around attractor materials have gonado somato index I-III 72%. This result indicated that the small pelagic fish caught around rumpon are immature fish.


INTRODUCTION
Fish resource is renewable but it has limitation.Based on the condition, utilization of fish resource should be arranged or managed properly to gain optimum utilization by caring the fish resource sustainability.
The existence of pelagic fish as trade commodity from fishery sector in Indonesia is one of the resources that has a large number, both as an export and domestic consumed commodity to fulfill national nutrient need.The pelagic fish can be classified into big pelagic fish and small pelagic fish.The big pelagic fish consist of skipjack tune, big eye tuna, barred spanish mackerel, etc.The small pelagic fish are mackerel, fringescale sardine, rainbow runner, hardtail scad, Indonesian oil sardine, trevally, barred garfish, anchovy, etc.
Fishing gear used generally to capture pelagic fish are drift gillnet, encircling gillnet, seine net, lift net, purse seine, troll line, pole and line, hand line, etc.The fishing gear that uses an auxilliary gear like rumpon has been applied on purse seine and lines that are so helpful in developing captured fish result.
The Sunda Strait waters is one of the straits located in Nusantara waters and it has abundant natural resources that can be used to people's welfare and nutrient developing.To anticipate development the sea as pillar for fishermen and their families, good management enables to implement sustainable development.
The changing condition of waters in every season influences the existence of fish resources, fishermen characteristic, and capture area.The weather around Sunda Strait and Java Ocean is a typical area influenced by wind blowing on west monsoon and east monsoon period.This phenomenon can be seen by the changing condition influenced by characteristic of Java Ocean and Hindian Ocean especially on the peak of the monsoon.
Small scale fishery activity generally captures the fish with limited scope because of limited capital, devices, and skill.These limitations effect to low capture that causes to their low income.To increase the scope of capture area needs much capital where the small scale fishermen can't afford it.One of the alternatives can be done to solve the obstacle is by applying the rumpon technology.
The application of rumpon technology will give certainty on capture area and it is expected to give solution for the problem related to rumpon engineering, material, number, and space, as well as optimum productivity and efficiency of capture.
Globally, both deep sea, and shallow rumpon consist of four main components i.e. float, rope, attractor, and sinker.The attractors commonly used are such as the coconut trees, tyrewall, nets, and ropes/strings tied up to the raft have been successful in developing rumpon activity to attract fish.Some traditional fishermen choose natural leaves as the attractors, it is cheaper than using artificial attractors.The natural leaves mainly used as attractors are Cycadaceae like coconut leave (Cocos nucifera), nipa (Nypa fructican), pinang/areca (Areca Catechu) and so on.
Research and theory about fish association around rumpon have been carried out since 1967.Samples and Sproul (1985) stated the theory that attracted fish around rumpon caused by: 1. Rumpon as a shading place for certain fish.2. Rumpon as feeding ground for certain fish.3. Rumpon as substratum to put the eggs for certain fish.4. Rumpon as a shelter from some predators for certain fish. 5. Rumpon as meeting point for certain fish.
The associating fish around attractors from natural leaves caused by difference of attractor material on rumpon has not been known yet.The characteristics of species, size, and maturity of pelagic fish gonado captured around rumpon will determine whether the influence of attractor material used endangers sustainability associating pelagic fish or not.This basic data will be used to arranged rumpon fishery development observed from fish behavior, number of rumpon, and its productivity in a waters connected with sustainability of pelagic fish resource.

Goal
The goal of this research are: 1.To identify species characteristic and captured pelagic size around rumpon with different attractor materials.2. To estimate gonado somato index captured pelagic fish around rumpon with different attractor materials.

Time and Place
The

Material and Devices
The materials used in this research are: 1. Rumpon.During the research, the writer used 3 units shallow sea rumpon put in 45 m depth (Figure 2).Each rumpon had some components 1) 3-6 bamboos used as float.(Yamaji, 1976), and Identification of Fischer and whitehead fish (1974).2. Capture device.For fish sample observation and evaluation on fish composition around rumpon, the writer used capture device as sampling gear that enables to take some examples represent the population such as payang Bugis.

Research Methodology
The research was conducted by using experimental fishing and survey methods.Experimental fishing method was conducted by capturing experiment on shallow sea rumpon in Pasauran waters, Sunda Strait.Capture experiment was carried out to each rumpon unit by using payang Bugis device for 5 times.Social survey was conducted by using quisionnaire to 20 fishermen and 2 auction officers.Total amount of payang Bugis fishermen in Pasauran are 50.Primary data derived from interview with some fishermen based on the questionnaire and from active participation in joining the capture operation.
The sample was taken by using experimental fishing method, i.e. capture experiment.Waters condition, range among rumpon, rumpon installation depth, and oceanography condition have influenced in this research.Fish sample was taken by capturing around rumpon with payang Bugis.Total of the rumpon used were 3 units which each unit was conducted to capture fish with payang Bugis.From each capture in every trip, it was measured the total of capture and counted the total of captured pelagic fish.Sub sample taken from dominant species from capturing using payang Bugis with various size from the smallest to the biggest one.According to Nasoetion & Barizi (1980), before it was analized in detail, the data dissemination of capture result based on attractor materials and different season were tested before to know whether the data spread normally or not.Normality test used was liliefors normality test.After the test had been conducted, if the data didn't spread normally, it would be continued with non parametric test, it was duncan signed rank experiment.The data were processed by using SPSS 10.0 program.

Payang Bugis
The boat used to capture small pelagic fish around the rumpon was the small one.The term of payang Bugis become popular because fishermen firstly used capture device payang in Pasauran are from Bugis/ Celebes (around 1960), therefore it is called payang Bugis by Pasauran fishermen.
The length of payang Bugis boat on research location was 8-10 m, width 2-2.2 m, and depth 0.3-0.5 m (around 3-3.5 GT) with the power 20 PK.Consturction of payang Bugis with length 65-68 m.Size of net variously from 1-17 cm, mesh size of cod end was 1 cm.The specification of payang Bugis shown on Table 2.

Leaves Morphology in Visual
Leaves morphology in visual on the different attractors were conducted in laboratory and in the sea water.On laboratory scale, the endurance those attractors in aquarium to see leaves colour, water colour and fibres leaves.The result showed that coconut leaves more endurance than the other leaves, between nypa leaves and areca, the nypa was more endurance than pinang leaves (Table 3).
Attractor leaves in sea waters showed that coconut leaves relatively more endurance than areca leaves and nypa leaves (Table 4).The condition of rumpon attractors installed in a waters in different season (MP1, MT, MP2, MB) showed that the resistence of attractors installed in the waters from the longest to the lowest was coconut leaves, nipah leaves and then pinang leaves.Rumpon with pinang leaves attractor only resisted in 15 days and became transparent and thin as well, nipah leaves became dark brown in 19-21 days, whereas the coconut leaves became dark brown in 24-28 days.
In this research, the writer was also catch a lot of rabitfish on East season.Captured demersal fish that commonly associate with seaweed probably caused by rumpon installation more closely to dead reef (gosong).
Research conducted on season 1 in March, east season in June, season 2 in September and west season in December showed that fish captured by using payang Bugis are selar hijau (Atule mate) dan selar kuning (Selaroides leptolepis).It is based on fishery statistic data and Monintja's research (2003) which showed that fish used to capture along the year by payang Bugis and handline are green mackerel (Atule mate) dan yellowstripe mackerel (Selaroides leptolepis).Whereas, fish which stay temporarily are striped mackerel (Rastrelliger kanagurta), frigate mackerel (Auxis thazard), layang scad (Decapterus macrosoma), scad mackerel (Decapterus russelli) dan fringescale sardine (Amblygaster sirm).It is only based on characteristic of family carangidae which generally live in continental shelf waters, while some of scombridae fish are neritic and others are oceanic.
The smallest captured fish around rumpon called green mackerel (atule mate) were derived on season 1 with size 5.3 and weight 9.8 gr.The biggest size of captured fish around rumpon derived on east season are 28.0 cm and weight 356.5 gr were frigate mackerel (auxis thazard).Generally, in each captured fish size was relatively small and short.Based on length at first maturity, those fish captured in immature condition.Captured fish on rumpon and in all season had gonado with GSI I, II, and III in series are 4%, 33% and 35%.Thus, it can be assured that associated and captured fish around the rumpon are immature fish that can endanger sustainability fish resource in Pasauran waters.This result showed that 72.1% of fish were captured around rumpon with GSI I-III or less than length at first maturity.In the other hand, the amount of fish with GSI I-III were 24.8% and 3.1 %.Shallow sea rumpon utilization as one of the auxiliary gears in capturing fish was worried to give negative effect to sustainability of fish resource in Pasauran waters.It is open access and it should be revised in controlling fishery capture.It is also related with international issue since the International Conference about Fish Aggregating Device in Martinique, France in 1999.This issue was based on Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries released by FAO in 1995.The international issue was about FAD as auxiliary device to capture immature fish have dangered the sustainability fish resource in waters.It was because the capture device purse seine developing rapidly in Pasific Ocean on drifting fish aggregating device had caught small and immature tuna fish.There were some pro and controversy because FAD was auxiliary device assured very effective to capture fish by using purse seine device.Purse seine was an effective capture device around FAD, only trawl that can be used as comparison capture device in capture fish effectivity.

Gonado Maturity Level/Gonado Somato Index
(1) Season 1 312 individual fish consisted of 10 species which were captured around rumpon using payang Bugis, 5 species captured from individual that had gonado with GSI I.And three of ten species with GSI V had been captured, i.e. green and yellow mackerel, and striped mackerel (Rastrelliger kanagurta).Fish composition from GSI I 4.2%, GSI II 26.6% and GSI III 39.4%.
(2) East Season 581 individual fish consist of 10 species which were captured around rumpon using payang, only one species captured with no GSI I i.e. yellowstripe mackerel.There were not captured individual fish with GSI V from three of ten species: layang scad, bentong mackerel and rainbow runner.Fish composition from GSI I 3.7%, GSI II 37.2% and GSI III 32.6%.
(3) Season 2 245 individual fish consist of ten species which were captured around rumpon using payang, three species were captured with no GSI I, i.e. bentong mackerel, fringescale sardine and rabitfish.There were captured individual fish with GSI V from four of ten species, they were green and yellowstripe mackerel, striped mackerel and frigate mackerel.Fish composition from GSI I 4.7%, GSI II 35.2% and GSI III 33.1%.
(4) West Season 74 individual fish consist of ten species which were caputured around rumpon using payang, one species was captured with GSI I i.e. green mackerel.Individual fish with GSI V from two of ten species were captured i.e. green and yellowstriped mackerel.Fish composition from GSI I 1.4%, GSI II 23.0% and GSI III 41.9%.

Conclusion
(1) The great number and variety of fish species on different season obtained from fish capturing around rumpon whose attractors are from coconut leaves.
(2) The captured fish on rumpon have gonado with GSI I, II, III, periodically 4%, 33%, and 35%.Therefore, it can be assured that captured fish around rumpon are immature fish so that those fish have not done their reproduction yet.Fish capturing gonado with GSI I, II, and III may cause recruitment overfishing.

Suggestions
(1) It needs further research on capture effort on shallow sea rumpon by using payang Bugis to know the optimum number of rumpon.
(2) It needs to apply closed and open season area in Pasauran waters adapted with determining of fish capture time to avoid capturing immature fish.
Figure 1.Research Location Map.Remarks: Rumpon used in research

Table 3 .
Physical change of 3 natural attractor materials in the laboratory experiment Note : PE = Polyethylene, Act = actual, Jlh = number of mesh size

Table 4 .
Change of 3 natural attractor materials in the field/sea water

Table 5
Existence fish species on capture result of payang around three rumpon with different materials Squid (/o/igo sp.)Note :{ indicates fish available on time and those attractors

Table 6 .
Composition of capture result pelagic fish Experiment, it is derived that the average of capture result payang for total capture on rumpon with coconut leaves in east seasonwas the highest (Table7).Based on type of rumpon material, it can be seen that the significantly difference with the other seasons.lf it is compared to the other leaves, areca leaves give more homogenic respons with low capture result and do not show significant difference on seasons.1212Based on test analyses Kruskal-Wallis, it shows that capture result for the total result of payang is significantly different (P : 0.0, P < 0.05) based on materials and seasons.From Duncan Signed Rank