STOCK ENHANCEMENT IN INDONESIAN LAKE AND RESERVOIRS FISHERIES

Abstract

A total water surface area of lakes and reservoirs of Indonesia is 2.3 million hectares. To increase fish production in Indonesian lakes and reservoirs, fish stock enhancement were practiced. A review on fish stock enhancement in Indonesian lakes and reservoirs was conducted. Some species used in stock enhancement were reviewed, and the causes of program success or failure were analyzed in an attempt to determine the best approach for future stocking. Since 2000 the success of the project on
fish stock enhancement were supported by basic research on diet, ecological niche, life cycle and behavior of the species stocked. Recent successes in fish stock enhancement are mainly determined by species which can be reproduced naturally in the water bodies. Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), Siamese cat fish (Pangasionodon hypophthalmus) and small carp (bilih, Mystacoleucus padangensis), an endemic species are the species have best performances in the increasing fish production
significantly. Milk fish (Chanos chanos) stock enhancement can be used to mitigate the negative impact of cage culture in the reservoir. While grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) has been successful in controlling aquatic weed, Eichhornia crassipes in some lakes. Management of fish stock
enhancement including providing quality and quantity of seeds, regulating of fish catch, developin g of market system, institution and fisheries co-management have supported a steady yearly increase in yield. The governments should take the initiative in protection of genetic diversity, especially in stock enhancement of lakes inhabited by endemic and or threatened species, such as lakes in Sulawesi and Papua Island.