Jurnal Kelautan Nasional
DAMPAK GELOMBANG EKUATORIAL ROSSBY TERHADAP PRODUKTIVITAS PERAIRAN, BARAT PASIFIK WARM POOL
Abstract
Gelombang ekuatorial Rossby selama ENSO berperan penting di perairan oligotropik Barat Pasifik Warm Pool (BPWP) melalui efek rototiller gelombang Rossby. Dampak utamanya adalah blooming fitoplankton pada puncak gelombang dan pengangkatan kedalaman klorofil-a maksimum mendekati (di atas) dasar lapisan pencampuran. Kontribusi gelombang Rossby dalam meningkatkan produktivitas primer permukaan perairan berdasarkan hasil perhitungan data klimatologi dan data set bulanan ocean color berkisar antara 4 – 38% karena konsentrasi fitoplankton yang tinggi berada di bawah kedalaman lapisan pencampuran dan zona kedalaman optikal SeaWIFS. Walaupun kontribusi gelombang Rossby rendah tetapi secara signifikan berkontribusi terhadap tingginya hasil tangkapan tuna selama akhir episode ENSO (Januari – Maret). Aspek lain gangguan gelombang adalah peningkatan kelimpahan group fitoplankton Cyanobacteria dan Coccolitophores (komponen dari microbial loop) dasar dari rantai makan tuna dan mendominasi sebagian besar produksi primer pada puncak gelombang dan kedalaman klorofil-a maksimum.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Anderson, E. (2013). The Deep Chlorophyll Maximum in Fiji Waters. Pacific Science Inter- congress.
Block, B. A., & Stevens, E. D. (2001). Tuna: Pshyology, Ecology and Evolution. Academic Press. Elsevier
Bryant, D. A. (2003). The beauty of small things revealed. Proceeding of the National Academic of Science, 100 (17), 9647-9649.
Charria, G., Dadou, I., Ciphollini, P., Drevillon, M., & Garcon, V. (2008). Influence of Rossby waves on primary production from a coupled physical-biogeochemical model in the North Atlantic Ocean. Ocean Sci., (4), 199-213.
Chelton, D. B., Schlax, M. G., Lyman, J. M., & Jhonson, G. C. (2003). Equatorially trapped Rossby waves in the presence of meredionally sheared baroclinic flow in the Pacific Ocean. Progress in Oceanography, (56), 323-380.
Christian, J. R., Verschell, M. A., Murtugudde, R., Busalacchi, A. J., & McClain C. R. (2002). Biogeochemical modelling of the tropical Pacific Ocean. I. Seasonal and interannual variability. Deep-Sea Research II, (49), 509-543.
Christian, J. R., Murtugudde R., Ballabrera-Poy, J. & McClain, C. R. (2004). A ribbon of dark water: phytoplankton blooms in the meanders of the Pasific north equatorial countercurrent. Deep-Sea Research II, (51), 209-228.
Cipollini, P., Cromwell, D., Challenor, P. G., & Raffaglio, S. (2001). Rossby wave detected in global ocean colour data. Geophysical Research Letters, (28), 323-326.
Ganachaud, A. S., Gupta, A. S., Orr, J. C., Wijffels, S. E., Ridgway, K. R., Hemer, M. A., et al. (2011). Observed and Expected Changes to the Tropical Pacific ocean. Secretariat of the Pacific Community, 101-189.
Hassler, C., Petrou, K., Clementson, L., Blackburn, S., & Butler, E. (2009). Iron limitation for Southern Ocean Diatom (Chaetoceros sp.) and Haptophyte (Phaeocystis sp.): impact on physiology and iron bioavailability, in preparation.
Gregg, W. W., & Casey, N. W. (2007). Modeling coccolithophores in the global oceans. Deep-Sea Research II, (54), 447-477.
Kawamiya, M., & Oschlies, A. (2001). Formation of a basin-scale surface chlorophyll pattern by Rossby waves. Geophysical Research Letters, 28(21), 4139-4142.
Killworth, P. D., Cipollini, P., Uz, B. M., & Blundell, J. R. (2007). Physical and biological mechanisms for planetary waves observed in sea-surface chlorophyll. J. Geophys. Res, 109(C7), C07002.
Krauss, W. (1967). Interaction Between Surface and Internal Waves in Sahllow Water. U.S. Navy. Electronic Laboratory. Oceanograpy Research Tower site.
Krosmeyer, K. E., & Dewar, H. (2001). Tuna Metabolism and Energetics. In B.A. Block & E.D. Stevens (Eds.), Tuna: Physiology, Ecology and Evolution: Academic Press, San Diego.
La Casce, J. H. & Pedlosky, J. (2004). The instability of rossby basin modes and the oceanic eddy field. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 34, 2027-2041.
Le Borgne, R., Allain, R. T. V., Griffiths, S. P., Matear, R. J., McKinnon, A. D., & Richardson, A. J. (2011). Vulnerability of Open Ocean Food Webs in The Tropical Pacific to Climate Change. Secretariat of the Pacific Community, 189-249.
Lehodey, P. (2000). Impact of El Nino Souther Oscillation on Tuna population and Fisheries in the Tropical Pacific Ocean. Oceanic Pacific Programme. Secretariat of Pacific Community. New Calidonia.
Lehodey, P., Hampton, J., Brill, R. W., Simon, N., Senina, I., Calmettes, B., et al. (2011). Vulnerability of Oceanic Fisheries in the Tropical Pacific to Climate Change. Secretariat of the Pacific Community, 435-485.
Lin I, Liu, W. T., Wu, C. C., Wong, G. T. F., Hu, C., Chen, Z., et al. (2003). New evidence for enhanced ocean primary productivity triggered by tropical cyclone. Geophys Res Lett, 30(13), 1718.
Mackey, D. J., Blanchot, J., Higgins, H. W., & Neveux J. (2002). Phytoplankton abudances and community structure in the equatorial Pacific. Deep-Sea Research II, (49), 2561-2582.
Mann, K. H., & Lazier J. R. (2006). Dynamics of Marine Ecosystems: Biological-physical Interactions in the Oceans. Blackwell Publishing.
Maranon, E., & Varela, M. (2005). Basin-scale patterns of phytoplankton abundance, composition and production in the Atlantic Ocean. Report of Atlantic Meridional Transect cruise AMT-2, Plymouth Marine Laboratory.
McGillicuddy, D. J., & Robinson, A. R. (1998). Influence of mesoscale eddies on new production in the Sargaso Sea. Nature 394, (6690), 263-266.
McPhaden, M. J. (1999). Genesis and evolution of the 1997-1998 El Nino. Science. doi:10.1126/science.283.5404.950.
Mysak, L. A., Hsieh, W. M., & Parsons, T. R. (1982). On the relationship between interannual baroclinic waves and fish populations in the Northeast Pacific. Biol Oceanogr, (2), 63-103.
Pan, X., Wong, G. T. F., Fuh-Kwo Siah, Tung-Yuan Ho. (2011). Enhancement of biologycal productivity by internal waves : observations in the summertime in the northern south China Sea. Journal Oceanography. Doi : 10.10007/s10872-012-0107-y.
Pérez, V., Fernándeza, E., Marañona, E., Moránb, X. A. G., & Zubkov, M. V. (2006). Vertical distribution of phytoplankton biomass, production and growth in the Atlantic subtropical gyres. Deep-Sea Research I, 53, 1616-1634.
Pre Spare, & Venema, S. C. (1999). Introduction to Tropical Fish Stock Assessment. FAO.
Radenac, M. H., & Rodier, M. (1996). Nitrate and chlorophyll distribution in relation to thermohaline and current structure in the Western Tropical Pacific during 1985/89. Deep Sea Research II, 43, 725-752.
Rousseaux, C. S., & Gregg, W. W. (2014). Interannual variation in phytoplankton primary at a global scale. Remote Sensing, Open Acces, 6, 1-19. doi:10.3390/rs6010001.
Ryan, J. P., Ueki, I., Chao, Y., Zhang, H., Polito, P. S., & Chavez, F. P. (2006). Western Pacific modulation of large phytoplankton blooms in the central and eastern equatorial Pacific. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 111, doi:10.1029/2005JG000084.
Sakamoto, C. M., Karl, D. M., Jannasch, H. W., Bidigare, R. R., Letelier, R. M., Walz, P. M., et al. (2004). Influence of Rossby waves on nutrien dynamics and the plankton community structure in the North Pacific subtropical gyre. Journal of Geophysical Research, 109, 1-12.
Siegel, D. (2001). The Rossby rototiller. Nature, 409, 576-577.
Tomczak, M., & Godfrey, J. S. (2001). Regional Oceanography: An Introduction. This edition published online M.Tomczack and J. S. Godfrey.
Uz, B. M., Yoder, J. A., & Osychny, V. (2001). Pumping of nutrients to ocean surface waters by the action of propagating planetary waves. Nature, 409, 597-600.
Villareal, T. A., Joseph, L., Brzezinski, M. A., Shipe, R.F., Lipschultz, F., & Altabet, M. A. (1999). Biological and chemical characteristics of the giant diatom ethmodiscus (bacillariophyceae) in the central north Pacific gyre. J. Phycol, 35, 896-902.
White, W. B., Gloersen, K. A., Marsac, F., & Tourre,Y. M. (2004). Influence of coupled rossby wave on primary productivity and tuna abudance in the Indian Ocean. Journal of Oceanography, 60, 531-541.
Yu, X., & McPhaden, M. J. (1999). Seasonal variability in the equatorial Pacific. Journal Phys. Oceanography, 29, 925-947.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jkn.v9i3.6210
Copyright (c) 2017 Jurnal Kelautan Nasional
Copyright of Jurnal Kelautan Nasional (p-ISSN 1907-767X, e-ISSN 2615-4579)
Pusat Riset Kelautan
Badan Riset dan Sumberdaya Manusia Kelautan dan Perikanan
Kementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan
Index by
