SUMBER DAYA IKAN PERAIRAN UMUM DARATAN DI INDONESIA-TERABAIKAN

Abstract

Perairan umum daratan Indonesia mempunyai luas 13,85 juta ha yang terdiri atas 12,0 juta ha sungai dan paparan banjiran (flood plains), 1,8 juta ha danau alam (natural lakes) dan 0,05 juta ha danau buatan (man made lakes) atau waduk (reservoirs). Potensi perikanan tangkap di perairan umum daratan ditaksir mencapai 3.034.934 ton per tahun. Perairan umum daratan berperan penting sebagai sumber protein dan ketahanan pangan, sumber ekonomi masyarakat, sumber lapangan kerja, sumber plasma nutfah dan genetik, sumber devisa dan pendapatan asli daerah, serta obyek wisata alam (ecoturism). Perairan umum daratan yang terabaikan akan berdampak terhadap penurunan potensi luasnya, keanekaragaman jenis ikan, produksi ikan, kesempatan dan peluang kerja (peningkatan pengangguran), pendapatan asli daerah, dan fungsi estetika. Pengelolaan perairan umum dengan benar akan berpengaruh terhadap peningkatan produksi minimal 20% dan fungsi ekologis, sehingga perikanan perairan umum daratan dapat dijadikan tumpuan pembangunan perekonomian masyarakat, khususnya nelayan. Berbagai upaya yang dilakukan untuk membangun perikanan perairan umum daratan antara lain mempromosikan akan penting dan peranan sub sektor perikanan, memberikan perhatian terhadap riset di bidang sumber daya perikanan, melakukan valuasi sumber daya, melaksanakan monitoring dan evaluasi (termasuk perbaikan statistik perikanan), mengembangkan ko manajemen dan kapasitas sumber daya manusia.

Inland waters of Indonesia has a total area of 13.85 million ha composing of 12.0 million ha rivers and flood plains, 1.8 million ha natural lakes and 0.05 million ha man made lakes/ reservoirs. Total of fish potential yields of the inland waters was estimated to be 3,034,934 ton per yr. The inland waters plays an important role as source of protein and food security, source of economic and supporting livelihood of the peoples, source of employment, sources of genetics and germ plasm, contributing to foreign exchange and local government earning, and eco-tourism. The neglecting inland waters has affected on the decreasing potential area, fish potential yields, fish species diversity, employment opportunity, and local government earning and the ecological function. Management of the resources could impact on the increasing fish yields at least 20% and its ecological function, so that the inland waters fisheries can be used as a based of economic development of the peoples especially for the fishers. Some efforts which should be done in development of the inland waters fisheries are promotion of the role and importance of fisheries between other sectors, prioritizing research on fisheries resources, valuation of inland waters fisheries, monitoring and evaluation (including fisheries statistics), development of fisheries co-management and capacity building of the human resources.