PENGELOLAAN RAJUNGAN (Portunus pelagicus) YANG BERKELANJUTAN BERDASARKAN ASPEK BIOEKOLOGI DI TELUK LASONGKO, SULAWESI TENGGARA
Abstract
Status perikanan rajungan di Teluk Lasongko saat ini telah overfishing dan kritis, sehingga perlu dikelola dengan baik. Makalah ini bertujuan untuk menentukan potensi dan permasalahan keberlanjutan pemanfaatan rajungan serta menyusun strategi pengelolaan rajungan di Teluk Lasongko berdasarkan pada aspek bioekologi. Data ekobiologi dikumpulkan sejak tahun 2006, dan 2013 sampai 2014 di Teluk Lasongko. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan potensi dan keberlanjutan pemanfaatan perikanan rajungan di Teluk Lasongko tergolong tinggi. Permasalahan yang timbul yang mengancam keberlanjutan rajungan adalah overfishing, penangkapan rajungan berukuran kecil dan rajungan betina ovigerous, daerah penangkapan rajungan yang tidak merata, dan kegiatan perikanan yang tidak ramah lingkungan. Beberapa strategi pengelolaan harus dilakukan untuk mendukung dan memastikan pengelolaan berkelanjutan rajungan di Teluk Lasongko, yaitu penetapan ukuran terkecil yang boleh ditangkap (untuk jantan >109,8 mm-CW dan betina >115,7 mm-CW), pelarangan penangkapan rajungan betina ovigerous, dan mengurangi upaya penangkapan dengan bubu sampai 50%. Selain itu, restocking dan pembentukan suaka rajungan juga harus dilakukan.
The status of blue swimming crab (Portunus pelagicus) fishery in Lasongko Bay is detected overfishing and critical, so it needs to be managed properly. This paper was aimed to determine the potential and problems of sustainability use of the crab and establish strategic management based on bioecology aspects. Bioecological data on the crab were collected in 2006, and from 2013 to 2014 in Lasongko Bay. Research result of indicated high potential and sustainable of use of crab fishery in the bay. Arising problems to threat the sustainability were over-fishing, small size crab and ovigerous female catch, localized fishing ground, and unfriendly environmentally fishing activities. Some management strategies must be done to support and ensure the sustainability management of the crab in Lasongko Bay, i.e. the minimum legal size (for males >109.8 mm-CW and females >115.7 mm-CW), not catching ovigerous female crabs, and reducing use of traps up to 50%. Restocking and establishing crab sanctuary could be also important to enhance the aforesaid management strategies.
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jkpi.9.1.2017.41-50
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