PENDEKATAN EKOSISTEM UNTUK PENGELOLAAN SUMBERDAYA IKAN ARWANA IRIAN, Scleropages jardinii DI SUNGAI MARO, MERAUKE–PAPUA

Abstract

Pengelolaan perikanan dengan pendekatan ekosistem merupakan bagian dari berbagai prinsip dasar pengelolaan perikanan sejak disetujuinya konvensi mengenai keanekaragaman hayati (Convention on Biological Diversity), dan FAO Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries. Ikan arwana irian (Scleropages jardinii) merupakan satwa yang dilindungi sehingga pemanfaatannya didasarkan pada jumlah kuota nasional. Sampai saat ini, jumlah kuota yang ditetapkan belum didasarkan secara proporsional atas potensi sumberdaya riil (stok) ikan arwana di setiap perairan sungai yang berada di empat kabupaten, yaitu: Kabupaten Merauke, Boven Digul, Mappi dan Asmat. Sungai Maro di Kabupaten Merauke merupakan salah satu kawasan eksploitasi ikan arwana yang paling intensif. Oleh karena itu, kebijakan pengelolaan dan konservasi sumber daya ikan arwana dengan pendekatan ekosistem di perairan Sungai Maro perlu dilakukan. Pemangku kepentingan dalam pengelolaan
sumber daya ikan arwana di Sungai Maro terdiri dari nelayan, kepala dusun, kepala adat, plasma (pengumpul yuwana ikan arwana), pengusaha ikan hias, penangkar, pemerintah daerah (Dinas Kelautan dan Perikanan Kabupaten Merauke, Badan Lingkungan Hidup Kabupaten Merauke), Balai Konservasi Sumberdaya Alam dan Agen Perubahan (Peneliti Badan Litbang Kelautan dan Perikanan dan Penyuluh). Langkah-langkah pengelolaan sumberdaya ikan arwana yang perlu diterapkan meliputi: penetapan kuota yuwana ikan arwana di Sungai Maro sebanyak 112.000 ekor per musim; penetapan kawasan konservasi habitat pemijahan dan pembesaran yuwana arwana di sebagian kecil kawasan sentra penangkapan yang hanya ditutup pada musim penangkapan yuwana ikan arwana; pencatatan hasil tangkapan yuwana ikan arwana yang dilakukan oleh nelayan dan pengumpul sesuai dengan kuota; adopsi pengelolaan secara ko-manajemen dan berdasarkan pendekatan ekosistem yang didasarkan pada indikator pengelolaan yaitu indikator lingkungan sumberdaya, biologi, sosial dan ekonomi.

Ecosystem approach to fisheries is a part of basic principles of fisheries management since ratification of convention on biological diversity and FAO Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries are agreed. Saratoga (Scleropages jardinii), a protected fish fauna of Papua being exploited based on national quota. Unfortunately, the Saratoga quota has not been estimated proportionally based on their potential stock at every waters body of the Saratoga inhabits which were administratively included in four regencies, namely Merauke, Boven Digul, Mappi and Asmat. Maro River at Merauke Regency is one of the potential rivers which were exploited intensively for Saratoga. Therefore, policy management package of ecosystem approach to Saratoga fisheries at Maro River should be implemented. The main stakeholders of Saratoga management at Maro River compose of fishers, head of village, head of local ethnic group, whole seller, raisers, exotic fish seller, local government (Regency of Fisheries Extension Service, Regency of Environmental Agency), Institute of Natural
Resources Conservation, and Agent of Change (Researcher of the Agency for Fisheries and Marine Research). Management measures which should be implemented are: quota of Saratoga juvenile of Maro River was 112,000 individuals per spawning season; establishment of conservation area for spawning and nursery of Saratoga by allocated a part of center exploited area and there closed for fishing at Saratoga spawning season; collected and reported of the number of Saratoga fry by the fishers and whole sellers; development of co-management and ecosystem approach to Saratoga fisheries which should be based on environmental, biological, social and economic indicators.