KERENTANAN SOSIAL-EKOLOGI MASYARAKAT PERIKANAN SKALA KECIL DI SELAT BUTON, SULAWESI TENGGARA
Abstract
Masyarakat perikanan skala kecil merupakan komunitas yang sangat rentan terhadap dampak perubahan iklim. Pada umumnya, kerentanan ini disebabkan oleh tingginya tingkat paparan dan sensitivitas kelompok ini terhadap dampak langsung perubahan iklim, serta lemahnya kemampuan untuk beradaptasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) mengetahui tingkat kerentanan di dua kawasan di Selat Buton yaitu komunitas Pasi Kolaga dan Kapontori, melalui atribut sosial-ekologi, (2) serta mengindikasikan strategi adaptasi yang perlu dilakukan sebagai respons kolektif terhadap komponen-komponen di dalam analisis kerentanan. Sebanyak 19 variabel iklim, sosial dan ekologi digunakan di dalam penelitian ini. Setiap variabel dikelompokkan ke dalam lima komponen yang menjelaskan nilai kerentanan perubahan iklim yaitu komponen Paparan, Sensitivitas Sosial, Sensitivitas Ekologi, Kapasitas Adaptif Sosial dan Kapasitas Adaptif Ekologi. Kelima komponen ini dianalisis untuk menghasilkan nilai kerentanan untuk setiap komunitas. Nilai indeks kerentanan sosial-ekologi komunitas Pasi Kolaga adalah 0,520 dan komunitas Kapontori adalah 0,567, yang menunjukkan bahwa secara sosial-ekologi komunitas pesisir di Kapontori lebih rentan terhadap perubahan iklim. Variabel yang dihasilkan digunakan untuk menentukan indikasi rencana aksi adaptasi yang dapat dilakukan oleh kedua komunitas ini untuk mengurangi nilai kerentanan dan meningkatkan kapasitas adaptif. Pengelolaan perikanan skala kecil yang dikelola yang dengan mengedepankan peran masyarakat dalam kemitraan dengan pemerintah daerah, serta dan mencakup intervensi beragam dapat menjawab tantangan perubahan iklim secara terintegrasi.
Small-scale fishing communities are highly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change. In general, their vulnerability is caused by the high level of exposure and sensitivity of this community to the impacts of climate change, as well as their low adaptive capacity. This study aims to (1) determine the vulnerability in two communities in the Buton Strait, namely the Pasi Kolaga and Kapontori, using socio-ecological attributes, (2) and indicate the adaptive strategies that are required as a collective response to each component in vulnerability analysis. A total of 19 climate, social and ecological variables were used in this study. Each variable is grouped into five components, namely Exposure, Social Sensitivity, Ecological Sensitivity, Social Adaptive Capacity, and Ecological Adaptive Capacity components. These five components were analyzed to generate a vulnerability index for each community. The socio-ecological vulnerability index of the Pasi Kolaga community (VS.E_PASI) is 0.520 and the Kapontori community (VS.E_KAPO) is 0.567, which indicates that socio-ecologically the coastal community in Kapontori is more vulnerable to climate change. The variables resulting from this study are used to indicate adaptive action plans that can be carried out by these two communities to reduce their vulnerability and increase their adaptive capacity. Small-scale fisheries management that is designed by prioritizing the role of the community in the management, in a partnership with local governments, and including interventions in various aspects can help in addressing the challenges of climate change in an integrated manner.
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jppi.30.2.2024.53-64
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