PEMETAAN SPASIAL ALAT PENANGKAPAN IKAN BERDASARKAN CODE OF CONDUCT FOR RESPONSIBLE FISHERIES (CCRF) DI PERAIRAN TELUK BANTEN
Abstract
Perubahan daerah penangkapan ikan karena rusaknya habitat akan berdampak terhadap hasil tangkapan nelayan yang cenderung menurun. Rusaknya habitat dapat terjadi karena menurunnya mutu air laut serta pengaruh aktivitas penangkapan ikan. Penggunaan alat penangkapan ikan yang tidak ramah lingkungan akan merusak habitat sehingga berdampak terhadap ekosistem dan stok sumber daya ikan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis alat penangkapan ikan yang ramah lingkungan, dan memetakan pengoperasian alat penangkapan ikan secara spasial di perairan Teluk Banten. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode survei dengan analisis deskriptif melalui skoring 9 kriteria berdasarkan Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries (CCRF). Analisis sistem informasi geografis kelautan dilakukan untuk memetakan sebaran spasial. Alat penangkapan ikan yang ditemukan di Teluk Banten yaitu jaring insang, payang, bagan tancap, bagan perahu, bubu, jaring arad, sero, pancing ulur, dan jaring rajungan. Alat penangkapan ikan yang tergolong tidak ramah lingkungan yaitu jaring arad. Alat penangkapan ikan yang tergolong ramah lingkungan adalah payang, bagan tancap, sero, dan jaring rajungan. Alat penangkapan ikan yang tergolong sangat ramah lingkungan yaitu jaring insang, bagan perahu, bubu, dan pancing ulur. Luas perairan Teluk Banten sekitar 221 km2, di mana 98 km2 (44,3%) masih berada status sangat baik jika dilihat dari aspek pengoperasian alat penangkapan ikan yang sangat ramah lingkungan, kemudian 78 km2 (35,3%) termasuk kategori ramah lingkungan. Wilayah perairan yang sudah rusak karena penggunaan alat penangkapan ikan yang tidak ramah lingkungan sekitar 45 km2 atau 20,4% dari luas perairan Teluk Banten.
Changes in fishing areas due to habitat destruction will reduce fishermen's catches. Habitat destruction occurs due to declining sea water quality and the influence of fishing activities. The use of fishing gear that is not environmentally friendly will damage the habitat, ecosystem and stock of fish resources. The purpose of this study is to analyze environmentally friendly fishing gear, and map the operation of fishing gear spatially in the waters of Banten Bay. The method used in this research is a survey method with descriptive analysis based on the Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries, and a marine geographic information system is used to map the spatial distribution. Fishing gear found in Banten Bay are gillnet, seine net, lift net, boat lift net, trap, mini bottom trawl, set net, hand line, and crab net. Fishing gear classified as not-environmentally friendly is mini bottom trawl; those classified as environmentally friendly are seine net, lift net, set net, and crab nets; which are classified as very environmentally friendly, namely gillnets, boat lift nets, traps, and handlines. The area of Banten Bay waters is about 221 km2 of which 98 km2 (44.3%) are still in very good status when viewed from the aspect of operating fishing gear which is very environmentally friendly, then 78 km2 (35.3%) are included in the environmentally friendly category. The water area that has been damaged due to the use of non-environmentally friendly fishing gear is around 45 km2 or 20.4% of the total waters of Banten Bay.
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