STRUKTUR KOMUNITAS IKAN KARANG PADA TERUMBU BUATAN DI KAWASAN PERTAMBANGAN LAUT, BANGKA BELITUNG

Abstract

Tujuan penelitian yaitu untuk mengetahui kelimpahan, keanekaragaman, keseragaman, dan dominansi ikan karang di terumbu buatan di perairan Penyusuk. Upaya rehabilitasi terumbu karang dengan menggunakan metode terumbu buatan dilakukan oleh PT. Artha Cipta Langgeng. Desain terumbu buatan berbentuk kubus berongga dengan luas bagian dasar 6,25 m² yang diharapkan dapat menjadi habitat baru bagi organisme laut. Pengamatan ikan karang dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode stationary visual sensus. Hasil menunjukan bahwa ikan karang di lokasi terumbu buatan ditemukan sebanyak 23 spesies dari 10 famili. Kelimpahan ikan karang di semua stasiun pengamatan terumbu buatan berkisar 189,92 – 325,28 indivudu.m^-2,termasuk kategori Sangat Melimpah. Indeks keanekaragaman jenis ikan berkisar 1,09 - 1,65, termasuk kategori Sedang yang berarti bahwa penyebaran setiap spesies ikan karang stabil dalam komunitas dan berada dalam kondisi normal. Nilai indeks keseragaman berkisar 0,47 - 0,67, termasuk dalam kategori Sedang (5 stasiun) hingga Tinggi (1 stasiun). Kondisi spesies ditemukan merata pada setiap stasiun karena tidak adanya spesies yang lebih dominan. Nilai indeks dominansi berkisar 0,29 - 0,43, termasuk kategori Rendah (1 stasiun) dan Sedang (5 stasiun). Tiga famili yang paling dominan yaitu famili Lutjaniade, Apogonidae, Leiognathanidae. Terumbu buatan di perairan Penyusuk didominasi oleh kelompok ikan target.

The aim was to determine the abundance, diversity, uniformity, and dominance of reef fish in artificial reefs in Penyusuk waters. Coral reef rehabilitation efforts using the artificial reef method were carried out by PT. Artha Cipta Langgeng. The artificial reef design is in the form of a hollow cube with a volume of 6.25 m3 which is expected to become a new habitat for marine organisms. Reef fish observations were carried out using the stationary visual census method. The results showed that there were 23 species of reef fish in the artificial reef site from 10 families. The abundance of reef fish at all artificial reef observation stations ranged from 189.92 – 325.28 individual/m3, including the Very Abundant category. The condition of this fish abundance is strongly influenced by food factors, orientation towards the new environment, and finding a safe place to take shelter. The fish species diversity index ranged from 1.09 to 1.65, including the Moderate category, which means that the distribution of each reef fish species is stable in the community and is in normal conditions. The environmental pressure on the fish community is not too heavy and the environmental carrying capacity for the fish community is quite good. The uniformity index values range from 0.47 to 0.67, belonging to the Moderate (5 stations) to High (1 station) categories. The condition of the species was found evenly at each station because there were no more dominant species. Dominance index values range from 0.29 to 0.43, including the Low category (1 station) and Medium (5 stations). The three most dominant families are the Lutjaniade, Apogonidae, and Leiognathanidae families. The artificial reefs in the Susuk waters are dominated by target fish groups.