APLIKASI MODEL SURPLUS PRODUKSI NON-EKUILIBRIUM PADA PERIKANAN LAYANG ( Decapterus macrosoma) DI LAUT JAWA

Suherman Banon Atmaja, Bambang Sadhotomo, Duto Nugroho

Abstract


Ikan layang (Decapterus macrosoma) dikelompokkan sebagai ikan pelagis yang menyukai habitat oseanik. Kajian ini membahas pendugaan biomassa dengan pendekatan model surplus produksi (MSY) pada spesies layang berdasarkan himpunan data runtut CPUE dan produksi perikanan pukat cincin yang berasal dari Pekalongan dan Juwana selama kurun waktu 1976-2009. Analisis menggunakan pendekatan non-ekuilibrium dengan bantuan perangkat aplikasi ASPIC 7. Hasil penelitian menunjukan sejak tahun 1991 sampai dengan 2005, status biomassa cenderung terus menurun dan tingkat eksploitasi telah melampaui ambang batas untuk menentukan pengelolaan dengan besaran keseimbangan Fmsy dan Bmsy =1. Sejak 2006, penurunan secara drastis baik jumlah armada pukat cincin maupun aktivitas penangkapannya telah memberikan peluang terhadap pemulihan stok menuju tingkat biomassa optimal. Keterbatasan kemampuan pengendalian terhadap dinamika perikanan berakibat pada peningkatan upaya penangkapan, perubahan kapasitas maupun taktik penangkapan. Pergeseran teknologi tersebut cenderung lebih rasional untuk peningkatan produktivitas dan abai terhadap tingkat mortalitas penangkapan yang sedang berjalan (Ft). Untuk itu, upaya pengendalian yang lebih konservatif tentang risiko terhadap pembiaran pola eksploitasi yang sedang berjalan sangat diperlukan. Evaluasi terhadap jumlah armada aktif merupakan landasan untuk mendapatkan status pemanfaatan yang sedang berjalan dan penutupan izin masuknya armada baru merupakan tindakan pengelolaan patut dilakukan untuk memperbesar peluang pemulihan stok pada tingkat optimal.

The scads (Decapterus macrosoma) were grouped into pelagic fish associated with oceanic habitat. This study deal with the estimation of biomass and MSY of shortfin scads base on CPUE and production of purse seiners fishery in Pekalongan and Juwana during 1976-2009. Analysis was carried out using non-equilibrium approach through programs package of ASPIC 7. The results showed that since 1991 to 2005, the trend of biomass continued to decline and exploitation rates exceed management benchmarks i.e. Fmsy and Bmsy = 1. Since 2006, drastic decline in number of purse seine and their activity indicates that the probability of recovery biomass to optimum level were increased. However, due to limited capacity on managing the dynamics of fishing activity under the scheme of productivity and ignoring the increasing fishing mortality (Ft), the biomass tends to decline. Therefore, revisiting the fisheries system on input control should be more rational to maintain fishing mortality at equal to Fmsy. A conservative approach on restrictive licencing for new entrance would be necessary to increase the probability of rebuilding the pelagic fish stock at optimal level.


Keywords


Surplus produksi; non-equilibrium; ikan layang; Laut Jawa

Full Text:

PDF

References


Avila de Melo, A.M., Alpoim, R., & Troncoso, D.G. (2012). An ASPIC Based Assessment of Redfish (S. mentella and S. fasciatus) in NAFO Divisions 3LN (can a surplus production model cope with bumpy survey data?). Scientific council meeting. NAFO SCR Doc, 12/032. 63p.

Atmadja, S.B., Nugroho, D., & Suryanto. (2012). Adaptasi perikanan pukat cincin di Laut Jawa dan implikasinya terhadap pengelolaan. J. Lit. Perikan. Ind. 6(2):105-111.

Atmadja, S.B., & Sadhotomo, B. (1985). Aspek operasional pukat cincin di laut Jawa. J. Lit. Perikan. Ind. 32, 65-71.

Atmadja, S.B. (1999). Variasi geografis hasil tangkapan ikan layang (Decapterus spp.) di perairan bagian selatan Paparan Sunda. J. Lit. Perikan. Ind. V (3), 63 -71.

Atmadja, S.B. (2008). Sumberdaya Ikan Pelagis Kecil: Dinamika Perikanan Pukat Cincin di laut Jawa dan Sekitarnya (p. 98). Balai Riset Perikanan Laut.

Botsford, L.W., Holland, M.D. Field, J.C., & Hastings, A, (2014). Cohort resonance: a significant component of fluctuations in recruitment, egg production, and catch of fished populations. ICES Jour. of Mar. Sci., 71(8), 2158–2170.

Cardinale, M., Nugroho, D., & Hernroth, L. (2009a). Reconstructing historical trends of small pelagic fish in the Java Sea using standardized commercial trip based catch per unit of effort. Fish. Res., 99, 151–158.

Cardinale, M., Rätz, H.J., & Cheilari, A. (2009b). Report of the SGMED-09-02 Working Group on the Mediterranean Part I. Scientific, Technical and Economic Committee for Fisheries (STECF). EU-Joint Research Centre. Institute for the Protection and Secutity of the Citizen. 850 p.

Chassot, E., Nishida, T., & Fonteneau, A. (2009). Application of surplus production models to the Indian Ocean Bigeye (Thunnus obesus) tuna fishery. IOTC-2009-WPTT-04. 22 p.

Direktorat Jenderal Perikanan (DJP) (1980-2000) Statistik perikanan Indonesia menurut propinsi Departemen Pertanian, Direktorat Jenderal Perikanan, Jakarta.

Direktorat Jenderal Perikanan Tangkap (DJPT) (2001-2015). Statistik Perikanan Tangkap Indonesia menurut propinsi. Kementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan.

Fouzai, N., M. Coll, I. Palomera, A. Santojanni, E. Arneri, V. Christensen. (2012). Fishing management scenarios to rebuild exploited resources and ecosystems of the Northern-Central Adriatic (Mediterranean Sea). Journal of Marine Systems 102–104:39–51.

Gascoigne, J. (2016). Moroccan sardine fishery: assessment in relation to the MSC standard February 2016, Moroccan Sardine FIP, 28pp. http://fisheryimprovement projects.org/wp-content/uploads/Sustainability-evaluation-Fev2016.pdf (downloaded 10 February 2017 22:00 pm).

Hilborn, R. (2002). The dark side of reference points. Bull. Mar. Sci. 70, 403-408.

Hilborn, R., & Walters, C.J. (1992). Quantitative Fisheries Stock Assessment: Choice, Dynamics and Uncertainty. Chapman and Hall. New York, London. 570 p.

Kalhoro, M.A., Liu, Q. Memon, K.H. Chang, M.S., & Jatt, A.N. (2013). Estimation of Maximum Sustainable Yield of Bombay Duck, Harpodon nehereus Fishery in Pakistan Using the CEDA and ASPIC Packages. Pakistan J. Zool. 45(6), 1757-1754.

Krebs, C. J. (1985). Ecology, the experimental analysis of distribution and abundance (p. 800). Harper & Row, Publishers, New York.

Nugroho, D. (2006). Kondisi trend biomassa ikan layang (Decapterus spp.) di Laut Jawa dan sekitarnya. J. Lit. Perikan. Ind. 12 (3), 167-173.

Nurhakim, S., Sadhotomo, B., & Potier, M. (1995). Composite model on small pelagic resources. Di dalam: Potier and S. Nurhakim, editor: Biodynex. Seminar Biology, Dynamics and Exploitation of small pelagic in Java Sea. Jakarta, 21 – 25 March 1994. EEC/ AARD/ORSTOM. 145-153.

Prager, M.H. (1994). A suite of extension to a non-equilibrium surplus-production model. Fish. Bull. US; 92:374-389.

Prager, M.H., & Shertzer, K.W. (2010). Deriving acceptable biological catch from the overfishing limit: Implications for assessment models. North Am. J. of Fish. Mana. 30, 289-294.

Potier, M. (1998). Pêcherie de layang et senneurs semi industriels Javanais: Perspective historique et approche système. Phd Thesis, Université de Montpellier II, 280 p.

Potier, M., & Sadhotomo, B. (1995). Exploitation of the large and medium seiners fisheries. In : Potier M. & Nurhakim, S. (Eds.), Biology, Dynamic and Exploitation (BIODYNEX). AARD/ORSTOM, 195 – 214.

Quinn, II T.J., & Deriso, R.B. (1999). Quantitative fish dynamics. Oxford University Press, New York, USA.

Quetglas, A., Ordines, F. Hidalgo, M. Monserrat, S. Ruiz, S. Amores, A. Moranta, J., & Massutí, E. (2013). Synchronous combined effects of fishing and climate within a demersal community. ICES J. Mar. Sci., 70, 319–328.

Restrepo, V. (2011). Stock Assessment 101: Current Practice for Tuna Stocks. http://www.trimarinegroup.com/resources/papers/Stock20Assessments2010.pdf

Schaefer, M.B. (1954). Some aspects of the dynamic of population important to management of the commercial marine fisheries. Bull. Inter-Am. Trop. Tuna Comm. 1, 25-26.

Schaefer, M.B. (1957). A study of the dynamics of the fishery for yellowfin tuna in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean. Bull. Inter-Am. Trop. Tuna Comm 2: 247-285.

Shelton, A.O., & Mangel, M. (2011). Fluctuations of fish populations and the magnifying effects of fishing. PNAS 108(17), 7075–7080.

Sudjastani, T. (1978). Perhitungan besarnya stock sumber-sumber perikanan di Laut Jawa berdasarkan data statistik perikanan daerah. Simposium Modernisasi Perikanan Rakyat. Balai Penelitian Perikanan Laut, Jakarta 20 p.




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jppi.23.1.2017.57-66


Creative Commons License
Jurnal Penelitian Perikanan Indonesia is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

View My Stats
p-ISSN 0853-5884
e-ISSN 2502-6542

Find in a library with WorldCatCrossref logoSHERPA/RoMEO Logogoogle scholardoaj