PARAMETER POPULASI HIU MARTIL (Sphyrna lewini Griffith & Smith, 1834) DI PERAIRAN SELATAN NUSA TENGGARA
Abstract
Hiu martil (Sphyrna lewini Griffith & Smith, 1834) merupakan salah satu target tangkapan bagi perikanan artisanal di Indonesia. Dengan status konservasi masuk dalam Appendix II CITES, pengelolaan terhadap hiu martil telah menjadi perhatian khusus di bidang perikanan tangkap. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji beberapa aspek parameter populasi hiu martil yang tertangkap di perairan selatan Nusa Tenggara pada periode Januari – Desember 2015. Data ukuran panjang dan jenis kelamin diperoleh di Tempat Pendaratan Ikan Tanjung Luar, Lombok Timur, Nusa Tenggara Barat. Analisis dilakukan secara deskriptif menggunakan perangkat lunak FiSAT II. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari 634 ekor hiu martil yang tertangkap didominasi oleh jenis kelamin betina dengan sebaran ukuran panjang total berkisar antara 81 – 320 cm (rerata 211,2 cm) dan jenis kelamin jantan berkisar antara 91 – 310 cm (rerata 176,9 cm). Dominasi kelompok hiu muda yang belum matang kelamin berpotensi terjadinya recruitment overfishing. Hiu martil mampu mencapai panjang asimtot 399 cm. Laju pertumbuhan dan mortalitas jenis hiu jantan lebih tinggi dibandingkan jenis betina. Populasi hiu martil telah mengalami kondisi tangkap lebih sehingga perlu adanya regulasi dan pengelolaan agar pemanfaatannya tetap lestari.
The scalloped hammerhead sharks (Sphyrna lewini Griffith & Smith, 1834) is one of the main target fishing for artisanal shark fisheries in Indonesia. By the conservation status of Appendix II CITES, its management had been concerned in capture fisheries. This research aimed to assess some aspects of scalloped hammerhead shark population parameters caught in the southern of Nusa Tenggara in the period from January to December 2015. Fish length and sex was obtained in Tanjung Luar landing site, East Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara. The analysis was done descriptively used FiSAT II software. The results showed that 634 individuals of hammerhead shark caught dominated by female with a total length size distribution ranging between 81-320 cm (mean 211.2 cm) and male ranged between 91-310 cm (mean 176.9 cm). The dominance catch of juvenile sharks with immature was potential to recruitment overfishing. Sphyrna lewini was capable of reaching 399 cm asymptotic length. The growth rate and mortality of male sharks was higher than female. The population of S. lewini had been overfished so that the regulation and management are needed in order to maintain their sustainability of the population.
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jppi.22.4.2016.253-262
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