KARAKTERISTIK BIOLOGI DAN DAERAH ASUHAN UDANG WINDU (Penaeus monodon Fabricius, 1798) DI PERAIRAN ACEH TIMUR
Abstract
Udang windu (Penaeus monodon Fabricus) merupakan komoditas perikanan yang bernilai ekonomi tinggi di Perairan Aceh Timur yang penangkapannya dilakukan secara terus-menerus sehingga mengancam kelestariannya. Untuk dasar penetapan kawasan konservasinya perlu diketahui karakteristik biologi dan daerah asuhannya. Penelitian dilakukan pada periode 2014-2016 dengan pengambilan data langsung di lokasi pada April, September dan Desember 2014; April dan September 2015 serta April 2016. Parameter yang diamati meliputi hubungan panjang berat, nisbah kelamin, kematangan gonad, fekunditas, kebisaan makanan serta sebaran dan kepadatan stok juvenil. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hubungan panjang berat udang windu jantan dan betina bersifat alometrik negatif dengan persamaan W=1,236L2,516 untuk udang jantan dan W=1,266L2,515 untuk udang betina. Jenis makanan udang windu didominasi oleh kelompok Crustceae, Gastropoda, Bivalva, dan detritus. Nisbah kelamin untuk udang windu jantan dan betina di Aceh Timur adalah 1:1,1. Pemijahan udang windu terjadi setiap bulan dengan puncak pemijahan pada Maret dan Agustus dan ukuran pertama kali matang gonad (Lm) adalah pada ukuran panjang karapas 46 mm, sedangkan fekunditas cukup tinggi berkisar antara 195.969-747.129 butir. Daerah asuhan utama udang windu diperkirakan terdapat di perairan estuaria Kuala Peureulak dan perairan ekosistem mangrove Kuala Geuleumpang (Julok).
Indian tiger prawn (Penaeus monodon Fabricus) is a fishery commodity with high economic value. East Aceh is known as high quality performance of indian tiger prawn. However, the intensive shrimp catch activity to provide the market demand and people consumption, can be threaten for the sustainability of the shrimp resource. Biological characteristic and nursery ground are essential components required in establishing the conservation area of indian tiger prawn as effort to preserve the resources. A research was conducted during a period of 2014-2016. Field sampling was done in April, September and December 2014; April dan September 2015; April 2016. Parameters observed were length-weight relationship, sex ratio, gonad maturity, fecundity, food habits, distribution and stock density of juvenile. Results showed that length-weight relationship of indian tiger prawn showed allometric negative with equation W=1,236L2,516 for male and W=1,266L2,515 for female . Food composition of shrimp were dominated by Crustaceae, Gastropod, Bivalve and detritus. Sex ratio of indian tiger prawn in East Aceh were 1:1,1. Spawning occured every month and reached its peak in March and August. The length maturity (Lm) of female on the size of 46 mm carapace length, while fecundity were ranged between 195,969-747,129. The main nursery ground of indian tiger prawn are presumed in the Kuala Peureulak estuary and mangrove ecosystem area in Kuala Geuleumpang (Julok).
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jppi.24.2.2018.105-116
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