PERIKANAN TANGKAP DI DANAU MATANO, MAHALONA, DAN TOWUTI, SULAWESI SELATAN

Abstract

Suatu penelitian untuk mengetahui aspek perikanan tangkap di Danau Matano, Mahalona, dan Towuti telah dilakukan dari bulan Mei Desember 2005. Danau Matano, Mahalona, dan Towuti merupakan contoh dari ekosistem danau tektonik yang menampung jenis ikan endemik dan juga jenis ikan introduksi (tilapia dan ikan mas, Cyprinus carpio). Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode survei dengan cara mencari lokasi-lokasi ada aktivitas penangkapan ikan, wawancara dengan nelayan, dan bekerjasama dengan enumerator dalam mengumpulkan data penelitian. Hasil penelitian telah mendapatkan 22 jenis ikan endemik dan 6 jenis ikan introduksi yang tertangkap di ketiga danau (Matano, Mahalona, dan Towuti). Danau Matano tertangkap 7 jenis ikan endemik, Mahalona 8 jenis, dan Danau Towuti tertangkap 15 jenis. Jaring dan bagan merupakan alat tangkap yang dominan digunakan oleh nelayan untuk menangkap ikan endemik seperti ikan buttini (Glossogobius sp.) dan pangkilan (Telmatherina sp. dan Paratherina sp.). Hasil tangkapan ikan di Danau Towuti 5,7 kg per ha per tahun, Danau Mahalona 1,8 kg per ha per tahun, dan Danau Matano 1,2 kg per ha per tahun. Untuk melestarikan ikan-ikan endemik perlu ada pengelolaan dan pengaturan waktu dan lokasi penangkapan yang baik.

A research in order to identify the capture fishery at Lakes: Matano, Mahalona, and Towuti was conducted from May to December 2005. Lakes Matano, Mahalona, and Towuti are examples of the representative tectonic lake ecosystems housing the endemic and some exotics (tilapia and carp, Cyprinus carpio) fish species. The survey methods were used in this reseacrh by hunting the location of fishing activities, interview with fishermen and partnership with enumerator in collecting research data. Results of the research show that 23 endemic fish species and 6 introduced per exotic fish species were caught in three research lakes. From 22 endemic fishes, 7 fish species were caught at Lake Matano, 8 fish species at Lake Mahalona, and 15 fish species were caught at Lake Towuti respectively. Gillnets and bagan were dominant fishing gears to catch the endemic fishes such as buttini (Glossogobius sp.) and pangkilan (Telmatherina sp. and Paratherina sp.). The productivity of the fisheries were 5.7 kg per ha per year for Lake Towuti, 1.8 kg per ha per year (Lake Mahalona), and 1.2 kg per ha per year (Lake Matano) respectively. To sustain endemic fishes is needed a better management eg. domesticating and regulating time and location of capture endemic fish species.