DISTRIBUSI UKURAN PANJANG DAN PARAMETER POPULASI LOBSTER LUMPUR (Panulirus polyphagus Herbst, 1793) DI PERAIRAN SEBATIK, KALIMANTAN UTARA (WPPNRI-716)
Abstract
Sumberdaya udang barong lumpur (Panulirus polyphagus Herbst, 1793) atau dalam bahasa lokal dikenal sebagai lobster Pakistan telah dimanfaatkan sebagai salah satu komoditas yang bernilai ekonomis di perairan pulau Sebatik, Kalimantan Utara. Data statistik perikanan menunjukkan produksi udang barong di perairan Timur Kalimantan tahun 2005 – 2015 meningkat pesat dengan kelipatan 10 kalinya. Terkait dengan fenomena tersebut, penelitian tentang aspek biologi populasi telah dilakukan pada bulan Maret sampai dengan November 2016. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan parameter populasi sebagai landasan untuk mengetahui status stok pada tingkat pemanfaatan terkini. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan udang betina tertangkap pada ukuran rata-rata 86,9+ 8,58 mmCL sedangkan udang jantan pada ukuran 81,5 + 9,63 mmCL. Pola pertumbuhan udang jantan dan betina bersifat allometrik negatif (b<3). Estimasi panjang asimtotis (CL) sebesar 124,1 mm dengan laju pertumbuhan (K) 0,598/tahun. Rata-rata ukuran pertama tertangkap (CLc) adalah 84,5 mmCL. Nilai tersebut lebih rendah dari pertama kali matang gonad (CLm) sebesar 90,74 mmCL. Laju kematian total (Z) sebesar 2,26/tahun, laju kematian alamiah (M) 0,87/tahun serta laju kematian akibat penangkapan (F) 1,39/tahun. Estimasi laju eksploitasi cenderung mengarah kepada penangkapan berlebih (E = 0,61), oleh karena itu perlu dilakukan tindakan pengelolaan melalui pendekatan pengendalian upaya penangkapan dan pembatasan ukuran minimum yang boleh ditangkap.
Mud spiny lobster (Panulirus polyphagus Herbst, 1793) or locally known as Pakistan lobster has been exploited as an important economic species in the waters of Sebatik Island, North Kalimantan. The best available capture fisheries statisticon 2005-2015 indicates the production of marine lobster were significantly increased by 10. Based on this phenomenon, observations on biological aspects were carried out during period of March to November 2016. The aim of this study were to estimate of stock status under existing fisheries condition. The result showed that the average size of females was 86.9+ 8.58 cmCL and males was 81.5 + 9.63 mmCL. The growth pattern indicates allometric negative (b<3). Population parameter performed by length based analysis indicates that asymptotic length (CL) was 124.1 mmCL with growth rate (K) of 0.598/yr.The average size of first capture (Lc) was estimated at 84.5 mmCL. This value was less than average size of first mature (CLm) of 90.7 cmCL.The predicted annual total mortality rates (Z) was 2.26/yr, the natural mortality (M) was 0.87/yr, and fishing mortalities (F) was 1.39/yr. The exploitation rates (E) of 0.61 tend to be beyond the sustainable exploitation level. To reduce the fishing mortality, the initiative of specific local management plan on restructuring active fleet and establishing minimum legal size should be implemented.
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jppi.1.1.2018.11-23
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