ASPEK BIOLOGI, SEBARAN, DAN DAERAH ASUHAN UDANG Metapenaeus dobsoni (MIERS, 1878) DI PERAIRAN ACEH TIMUR
Abstract
Udang Metapenaeus dobsoni (Miers 1878) atau dikenal sebagai udang halus/kapur merupakan jenis udang penaeid yang dominan tertangkap di pesisir perairan Aceh Timur. Penelitian yang dilaksanakan pada April dan September tahun 2014-2015 serta April 2016 di perairan Aceh Timur bertujuan untuk mengkaji beberapa aspek biologi, kepadatan stok dan sebarannya, serta menduga daerah asuhan udang Metapenaeus dobsoni yang berguna sebagai bahan masukan untuk pengelolaannya. Aspek biologi udang yang dianalisis meliputi hubungan panjang-berat, kebiasaan makanan, dan ukuran pertama kali matang gonad (Lm50). Pengambilan sampel untuk mengetahui sebaran Metapenaeus dobsoni dilakukan menggunakan metode sapuan dengan alat tangkap mini beam trawl di 25 stasiun yang mewakili daerah estuaria, sungai, dan pesisir. Udang Metapenaeus dobsoni memiliki pola pertumbuhan alometrik negatif dengan tingkat trofik sebagai detritivora. Ukuran pertama kali matang gonad dicapai pada ukuran panjang karapas 1,3 cm. Udang Metapenaeus dobsoni tergolong udang kosmopolit dan euryhaline, sehingga menyebar secara luas di sepanjang perairan Aceh Timur. Kepadatan stok udang Metapenaeus dobsoni pada fase juvenil dan udang muda banyak ditemukan di daerah sungai yang ditumbuhi mangrove dengan salinitas di dasar perairan yang relatif rendah dan substrat dominan berupa lumpur (fraksi debu dan liat). Di daerah muara (kuala) dan pesisir dengan substrat dominan pasir dan salinitas cukup tinggi banyak ditemukan udang pada fase muda hingga dewasa. Daerah asuhan utama udang Metapenaeus dobsoni terdapat di Kuala Arakundo.
Metapenaeus dobsoni (Miers 1878) shrimp, locally called “udang halus/kapur”, is a dominant penaeid shrimp caught in the coastal waters of East Aceh. The research was conducted in April and September of 2014-2015 and April 2016 in East Aceh waters aims to assess some biological aspects, distribution, stock density, and nursery ground of the shrimp management. Analysis on biological aspects include length-weight relationship, food habits, and carapace length at first maturity (Lm50). Sampling to determine distribution of the species was based on swept area method using mini beam trawl. Total 25 sampling sites selected representing estuary, river, and coastal area, respectively. Metapenaeus dobsoni has negative allometric growth pattern with trophic level as detritivore. Size at first maturity the carapace length of 1.3 cm. Stock density of Metapenaeus dobsoni in the juvenile and adolescent phase commonly found in mangroves-covered river area with relatively low salinity at the bottom waters and have mud as dominant substrate (fraction of silt and clay). The adolescent to adult phase found in the estuary (river mouth) and coastal area with sand as dominant substrate and high salinity waters. The main nursery grounds of Metapenaeus dobsoni found in Kuala Arakundo.
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jppi.23.3.2017.153-166
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