PENDEKATAN POLA PEREMAJAAN DAN LAJU EKSPLOITASI IKAN LOUHAN UNTUK PENGENDALIAN IKAN ASING INVASIF DI DANAU MATANO, SULAWESI SELATAN
Abstract
Ikan louhan tergolong jenis ikan hibrid (sehingga tidak dapat ditentukan nama ilmiahnya) dari famili Cichlidae yang terindikasi sebagai ikan asing invasif di Danau Matano. Keberadaan ikan tersebut di Danau Matano perlu dikaji dan dikendalikan untuk menjaga kelestarian keanekaragaman hayati jenis ikan endemik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pola peremajaan dan laju eksploitasi ikan louhan sebagai pendekatan dalam pengendalian ikan asing invasif di Danau Matano, Sulawesi Selatan. Analisis data dilakukan terhadap 2.931 ekor ikan louhan yang ditangkap menggunakan jaring insang percobaan berbagai ukuran mata jaring dilengkapi data enumerator secara bulanan pada bulan Februari hingga November 2016 dengan bantuan perangkat lunak FiSAT II. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa pola pertumbuhan ikan louhan di Danau Matano bersifat alometrik positif. Pertumbuhan mengikuti persamaan Lt=23,67[1-e0,41(t+0,4281)]. Umur maksimum (tmax) mencapai 7,32 tahun dengan performa pertumbuhan (Ø’) sebesar 2,36. Laju mortalitas total (Z) tahunan didapatkan sebesar 1,46 tahun-1. Laju mortalitas penangkapan tahunan (F = 0,38 tahun-1) lebih rendah daripada laju mortalitas alami tahunan (M = 1,08 tahun-1). Laju eksploitasi (E) ikan louhan di Danau Matano hanya sebesar 0,26 tahun-1 dimana menunjukkan bahwa upaya pemanfaatannya masih sangat rendah. Pola peremajaan terjadi dua kali dalam setahun, yaitu pada Mei (16,19%) dan Oktober (6,05%). Upaya pengendalian ikan louhan sebagai ikan invasif di Danau Matano perlu dilakukan pada saat puncak peremajaan tertinggi secara berkesinambungan disertai peningkatan laju eksploitasi e” 48% dari upaya yang ada, terutama pada April-Mei dan September-Oktober di daerah litoral perairan danau.
Flowerhorn cichlid is classified as hybrid species (so that the scientific name can’t be determined) from Cichlidae which indicated as invasive alien fish in Lake Matano. The existence of flowerhorn in Lake Matano need to be assessed and controlled to preserve the biodiversity of endemic fish species. This research aims to assess recruitment pattern and utlization status of flowerhorn cichlid for controlling of invasive alien species at Lake Matano, South Sulawesi. Data analysis was carried out on 2,931 flowerhorn Cichlid caught using experimental gillnets of various mesh sizes included enumerators data which recorded monthly from February to November 2016 using FiSAT II software. The analysis resulted the growth pattern of flowerhorn cichlid in Matano louhan Lake was positive allometric. The growth equation of flowerhorn cichlid was Lt=23.67[1-e0,4(t+0.4281)]. Longevity (tmax) attained 7.32 years with growth performance (Ø’) was 2.36. The annual total mortality rate (Z) obtained 1.46 years-1. The annual fishing mortality rate (F = 0.38 years-1) is lower than the annual natural mortality rate (M = 1.08 years-1). Exploitation rate (E) of flowerhorn cichlid in Lake Matano only 0.26 years-1, which was indicated under exploitation. Recruitment pattern occurs twice a year, in May (16.19%) and October (6.05%). The eradication efforts to control population of flowerhorn cichlid as invasive alien species in Lake Matano needs to be done at the peak of recruitment and also increased exploitation rate about e” 48% of existing efforts, especially on April-May and September-October in the littoral area of Lake Matano.
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jppi.23.4.2017.227-239
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