KERAGAMAN GENETIK TUNA MATA BESAR (Bigeye tuna, Thunnus obesus) DI SAMUDRA HINDIA BARAT SUMATERA DAN SELATAN JAWA
Abstract
Salah satu cara yang digunakan untuk mendapatkan informasi tentang unit stok adalah dengan menggunakan pendekatan genetik. Informasi struktur populasi ini merupakan basis kajian stok dan opsi upaya pengelolaan agar pemanfaatannya dapat dilakukan secara lestari. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan informasi variasi genetik dan struktur populasi tuna mata besar di Samudra Hindia. Sampel genetik yang berasal dari daging tuna mata besar dianalisis dengan metode chelex, PCR dan elektroforesis. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Januari sampai Desember 2015 dengan lokasi pengambilan sampel berada di perairan Samudra Hindia barat Sumatera dan Samudra Hindia selatan Jawa, Bali dan Nusa Tenggara. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa keragaman genetik tuna mata besar di Samudra Hindia masih tinggi. Terdapat hubungan kekerabatan yang relatif dekat antar kelompok sampel populasi tuna mata besar di Samudra Hindia barat Sumatera dan selatan Jawa, Bali dan Nusa Tenggara. Variasi genetik diantara populasi tuna mata besar relatif kecil, namun variasi genetik dalam populasi relatif tinggi. Struktur populasi tuna mata besar di perairan Barat Sumatera dan Selatan Jawa-Nusa Tenggara (Samudra Hindia) masih merupakan satu stok populasi.
One other technique that used to obtain information about stock units is to use a genetic approach. This genetic population structure information is the basis of stock assessmentand the options for how to manage the utilization can be done sustainably. This study aims to obtain information on genetic variation and population structure of large tuna populations in the Indian Ocean. Genetic samples derived from bigeye’s tuna flesh analyzed by using chelex, PCR and electrophoresis methods. This research carried out in the waters of the Indian Ocean west of Sumatra and the southern Indian Ocean of Java, Bali and Nusa Tenggara at January until December 2015. The results of the analysis show that the genetic diversity of large eye tuna in the Indian Ocean is still high. There is a relatively close relative relationship between bigeye tuna population groups in the Indian Ocean west of Sumatra and southern Java, Bali and Nusa Tenggara. Genetic variation among bigeye tuna populations is relatively small, but genetic variation in the population is relatively high. The population structure of bigeye tuna in West Sumatera and South Java-Nusa Tenggara (Indian Ocean) is still in one stock population.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Akbar, N., Zamani, N. P., & Madduppa, H. H. (2014). Keragaman genetik ikan tuna sirip kuning (Thunnus albacares) dari dua populasi di Laut Maluku, Indonesia. Depik, 3(1), 65–73.
Berg, E. E., & Hammrick, J. L. (1997). Quantification of Genetic Diversity at Allozyme Loci. Conservation Journal for Rescue, 27, 415 – 424.
Chiang, H. C., Hsu, C. C., Wu, G. C. C., Chang, S. K., & Yang, H. Y. (2008). Population structure of bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) in the Indian Ocean inferred from mitochondrial DNA. Fisheries Research, 90, 305 – 312.
Collette, B. B., & Nauen, C. E. (1983). FAO species catalogue. Vol. 2. Scombrids of the world. An annonated and illustrated catalogue of tunas, mackerels, bonitos, and related species known to date (137 pp). FAO Fisheries Synopsis, 125(2), Rome, Italy: FAO Press.
Excoffier, L., Laval, G., & Schneider, S. (2006). Arlequin version 3.01: An integrated software package for population genetics data analysis. Available at: http://cmpg.unibe.ch/software/arlequin3
Fakhri, F., Narayani, I., & Mahardika, I. G. N. K. (2015). Keragaman genetik ikan cakalang (Katsuwonus pelamis) dari kabupaten Jembrana dan Karangasem, Bali. Jurnal Biologi, 19 (1), 11 - 14.
Gardner, M. J., Simmons, M. J., & Snustad, P. D. (1991). Population and evolutionary Genetics in Principle Genetics. New Jersey: Jhon Wiley and Sons Inc.
Gonzalez, E. G., Beerli, P., & Zardoya, R. (2008). Genetics structuring and migration patterns of Atlantic bigeye tuna, Thunnus obesus (Lowe, 1839). BMS Evolutionary Biology. 8:252.
Grewe, P. M. (1997). An Assessment of Bigeye (Thunnus obesus) Population Structure in the Pacific Ocean, based on Mitochondrial DNA and DNA MicrosatelliteAnalysis. Working paper for the 7th Meeting of the Western Pacific Yellowfin Tuna Research Group, Nadi, Fiji, June 18 -20.
[IOTC] Indian Ocean Tuna Commission. (2017). Report of the 19th Session of the IOTC Working Party on Tropical Tunas. Seychelles, 17–22 October 2017. 93 pp
Moria, S. B., Permana, G. N., & Hutapea, J. H. (2009). Karakterisasi tiga lokus mikrosatelit pada telur dan larva tuna sirip kuning, Thunnus albacares. Jurnal Perikanan, XI(2), 144–149.
Nei, M. (1978). Estimation of average heterozygosity and genetic distance from a small number of individuals. Genetics, 89, 583–590.
Nugraha, B., Novianto, D., & Barata, A. (2011). Keragaman genetik ikantuna mata besar (Thunnus obesus) di Samudra Hindia. Jurnal Penelitian Perikanan Indonesia, 17(4), 285 – 292.
Peakall, R., & Smouse P. E. (2012). GenAlEx 6.5: Genetic analysis in excel. Population genetic software for teaching and research – An update. Bioinformatics, 28, 2537–2539.
Suman, A., Irianto, H, E., Amri, K., Nugraha, B., & Bintoro, G. (2015). Population Structure and Bioreproduction of Bigeye Tuna (Thunnus obesus) in Western Part of Sumatera and Southern Part of Java and Nusa Tenggara, Indian Ocean. Indonesian Fisheries Research Journal. 20 (2);109-116
Sumantadinata, K. (1983). Population Genetics analysis of Black Sea Beam Using Biochemical markers. (Thesis). Department of Cultural Fisheries, University of Agriculture Kochi University.
Takagi, M., Okmura, T., Chow, S., & Taniguchi, N. (1999). PCR primers for microsatellite loci in tuna species of the genus Thunnus and its application for population genetics study. Fisheries Science, 65, 571 – 576.
Takagi, M., Chow S., Okamura, T., Scholey, V. P., Nakazawa, A., Margules, D., Wexler, J.B., & Taniguchi, N. (2003). Mendelian inheritance and variation of four microsatellite DNA markers in the yellowfin tuna, Thunnus albacares. Fisheries Science, 69, 1304– 306.
Uktolseja, J. C. B., Gafa, B., Bahar, S., & Mulyadi, E. (1991). Potensi dan Penyebaran Sumberdaya Ikan Tuna dan Cakalang (29-43 pp). Jakarta: LIPI
Walsh, P. S., Metzger, D. A., & Higuchi, R. (1991). Chelex 100 as a medium for simple extraction of DNA for PCR-based typing from forensic material. BioTechniques. 10, 506–513.
Whitton, J., Rieseberg, L. H., & Ungerer, M. C. (1997). Microsatellite loci are not conserved across the Asteraceae. Molecular Biology Evolution, 14(2), 204–207.
Yuwono, T. (2005). Biologi molekuler. Jakarta: Erlangga.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jppi.24.2.2018.97-104
Jurnal Penelitian Perikanan Indonesia is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
