POLA SEBARAN IKAN PELAGIS DAN KONDISI OSEANOGRAFI DI WILAYAH PENGELOLAAN PERIKANAN NEGARA REPUBLIK INDONESIA 715 (WPP NRI 715) PADA MUSIM PERALIHAN BARAT
Abstract
Nelayan penangkap ikan yang efektif membutuhkan informasi sumberdaya ikan dan pola penyebarannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pola sebaran sumber daya ikan yang dikaitkan dengan kondisi oseanografi WPP-NRI 715. Analisis dilakukan berdasarkan kombinasi metode hidroakustik dan profiling CTD pada stasiun oseanografi yang dirancang secara parallel pada jarak tertentu di lintasan tersebut. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, estimasi ukuran ikan pelagis yang terdeteksi didominasi oleh ukuran kecil. Ikan pelagis kecil yang terdeteksi didominasi ukuran ikan antara 12-14 cm dan ikan pelagis besar ukuran ikan 28-31 cm. Kepadatan ikan pelagis kecil cenderung menurun dengan rerata faktor 0,4 dengan bertambahnya kedalaman, sebaliknya meningkat dengan rerata faktor 1,7 untuk ikan pelagis besar. Pada saat observasi, dikawasan perairan Laut Maluku bagian timur diindikasikan terjadinya upwelling ditandai dengan suhu rendah, salinitas tinggi, dan klorofil tinggi. Ikan pelagis besar lebih banyak ditemukan pada lokasi yang memiliki karakteristik suhu dan DO yang relatif lebih tinggi sedangkan salinitas lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan lapisan air yang didominasi ikan pelagis kecil. Informasi pola sebaran ikan pelagis ini diharapkan dapat dijadikan rujukan bagi pelaku perikanan tangkap dan masukan untuk bahan perumusan kebijakan pengelolaan perikanan tangkap yang berkelanjutan.
Effective commercial fishers need information on fish resources and their distribution pattern. This study aims to determine distribution of fish resources in Indonesian FMA 715 through tracking hydroacoustic method and CTD profiling at stations within regular distances. The results showed that the estimated size of pelagic fish was dominated by small size fish groups. Small pelagic fish were detected at the size ranged between 12-14 cm and large pelagic fish was dominated by the size of 28-31cm. The density of small pelagic fish decreases with depth with average factor of 0.4, while the large pelagic fish with average factor of 1.7. An indicated upwelling incidence was likely occurred in the eastern part of Mollucas sea region, which were characterized by the low temperature, high salinity and high chlorophyll concentrations. Large pelagic fish were more occasionally found in locations with relatively higher temperature, DO characteristics and lower salinity compared with small pelagic fish. Information on the distribution pattern of pelagic fish is expected to be used as a reference for capture fishermen and inputs in formulating the policy the sustainable fisheries management.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Amri, K., Suwarso., & Herlisman. (2005). Dugaan upwelling berdasarkan analisis komparatif Citra sebaran suhu permukaan laut dan klorofil-a Di Teluk Tomini. J. Lit. Perik. Ind, 11(6), 57-71. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jppi.11.6.2005.57-71
Amri, K., Suwarso., & Awwaludin. (2006). Kondisi hidrologis dan kaitannya dengan hasil tangkapan ikan malalugis (Decapterusmacarellus) di Perairan Teluk Tomini. J. Lit. Perik. Ind, 12 (3), 183-193. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jppi.12.3.2006.183-193
Anonimus. (2016). Keputusan Menteri Kelautan dan Perikanan Nomor: 47/Kepmen-KP/2016 tentang Estimasi potensi, jumlah tangkapan yang diperbolehkan dan tingkat pemanfaatan sumber daya ikan di wilayah pengelolaan perikanan Negara Republik Indonesia.
Anonimus. (2009). Peraturan Menteri Kelautan dan Perikanan Republik Indonesia Nomor 09/MEN/2019tentang Wilayah Pengelolaan Perikanan Negara Republik Indonesia.
Baskoro, M. S., Taurusman, A.A., & Sudirman. (2011). Tingkah laku ikan hubunganya dengan ilmu dan teknologi perikanan tangkap. (p.258). Bandung: Lubuk Agung.
Setyaji, B, & Priatna, A. (2011). Distribusi spatial dan temporal Plankton di Perairan Teluk Tomini, Sulawesi. Bawal, 3(6),387-395. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/bawal.3.6.2011.387-395
Catul, V., Gauns., & Karuppasamy,P.K. (2011). A review on mesopelagic fishes belonging to family Myctophidae. Rev.Fish.Biology Fisheries, 21,339-354.
Bertrand, A, & Edward, J. (2000). Tuna target strength related to fish length and swimbladder volume. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 57, 1143–1146.
Gordon A.L. (2005). Oceanography of the Indonesian seas and their through-flow. Oceanography, 18, 14-27.
Hannachi, M.S., Abdallah, L. B., & Marrakchi, O. (2004). Acoustic identification of small-pelagic fish species: target strength analysis and school descriptor classification. MedSudMed Technical Documents No.5.
Horhoruw, S.M., Agus, S.A, Pieldrie, N., & I Wayan, N. (2017). Anomaly of surface circulation and Ekman transport in Banda Sea during ‘normal’ and ENSO episode (2008-2011). IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 54.
Irigoien, X., Klevjer, T., Røstad, A., Martinez, U., Boyra, G., Acuña, J., Bode, A., Echevarria, F., Gonzalez, G.J., Hernandez, L.S., Agusti, S., Aksnes, D.L., Duarte, C.M., & Kaartvedt, S. (2014). Large mesopelagic Fishes biomass and trophic efficiency in the open ocean. Nature communications, 4271, 1-10.
Kashino Y., H. Watanabe, B. Herunadi, M. Aoyama., & D. Hartoyo. (1999). Current variability at Pacific Entrance of The Indonesian Throughflow. J. of Geophysical Research, 104 (C5), 11.021-11.025.
Kim, Z.G., Choi, Y.M., Hwang, K.S., & Yoon, G.D. (1998). Study on the acoustic behavior pattern of fish school and species identification. Shoal behavior pattern of anchovy (Engraulis japonicus) in Korean waters and species identification test. J. Kor. Soc. Fish. Techno, 34, 52-61.
Klevjer, T. A, Torres, D. J, Kaartvedt, S. (2012). Distribution and diel vertical movements of mesopelagic scattering layers in the Red Sea. Marine Biology, 159, 1833-1841.
Korneliussen, R.J., Heggelund, Y., Eliassen, I.K., & Johansen, G.O. (2009). Acoustic species identification of schooling fish. ICES J Mar Sci, 66, 1111-1118.
Koch-Larrouy, A., Madec, G., Blanke, B., & Molcard, R. (2008). Water mass transformation along the Indone-sian Throughflow in an OGCM. Ocean Dynamics, 58(3-4), 289-309.
Lee, D.J. & Shin, H.I. (2005). Construction of a data bank for acoustic target strength with fish species, length and acoustic frequency for measuring fish size distribution. J. Kor. Fish. Soc, 38, 265-275.
Lee, D.J., Shin, H.I., & Shin, H.H. (1995). Fish stock assessment by hydroacoustic methods and its applications - I - Estimation of fish school target strength. J. Kor. Soc. Fish. Techno, 31, 142-15.
Ma’mun, A., Priatna, A., Hidayat, T., & Nurulludin. (2017). Distribusi dan potensi sumber daya ikan pelagis di wilayah pengelolaan perikanan Negara Republik Indonesia 573 (WPP NRI 573) Samudera Hindia. J.Lit.Perik.Ind. 23(1), 47-56. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jppi.23.1.2017.47-56
Monterio, R. & Oliveira. (2002). Fish Growth Modelling Growth of the European anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) in the Tagus Estuary, Portugal. (Theses) Unpublished.Diplome D’Etudes Approfondies Europeen en Modelisation de L’Environment Marin, DEA. Portugal: Technical University of Lisbon.
Mun, J.H., Lee, D. J., Shin, H.I., & Lee, Y.W. (2006). Fish length dependence of target strength for black rockfish, goldeye rockfish at 70 kHz and 120 kHz. J. Kor. Soc. Fish. Techno, 42, 30-37.
Neto, J.F.B., Ludmida, S.B., & Ricardo, M.P.C. (2013). Implementation of hydroacoustics for a rapid assessment of fish spatial distribution at a Brazilian Lake-Lagoa Santa, MG.Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia. 25(1), 91-98.
Nontji, A. (1987). Laut nusantara. (p.368). Jakarta: Djambatan.
Nybakken, J.W. (1988). Biologi Laut, suatu pendekatan ekologi. (p.459) Jakarta: PT.Gramedia.
Pena, M., Rosa, B., Jose, L. L. J., Magdalena, I., & Joan, M. (2014). Acoustic detection of mesopelagic fishes in scattering layers of the Balearic Sea (Western Mediterranean). J. Fish. Aquatic. Science. NRC: Research Press.
Polovina, J.J., Howel, E., Kobayashi, D.R., & Seki, M.P. (2015). The transition zone chlorophyll front update: Advances from a decade of research. Progress in Oceanography, 2015, 1-7.
Rajawane, I.W, & Paudra, P.H. (2014). Karakteristik masa air di percabangan arus lintas Indonesia Perairan Sangihe Talaud Menggunakan Data INDEX SATAL 2010. J.Ilmu Kelautan dan Teknologi Kelautan Tropis, 6 (2), 525-536.
Robertson, K.M., & Chivers, S.J. (1998). Prey occurrence in pantropical spotted dolphins, Stenella attenuata, from the eastern tropical Pacific. Oceanographic Literature Review, 1(45), 12.
Seibel, B.A. (2011). Critical oxygen levels and metabolic suppression in oceanic oxygen minimum zones. J.Exp.Biology, 214,326-336.
Simmonds, E.J. & MacLennan, D. N. (2005). Fisheries Acoustic: Theory and Practice 2nd ed. UK: Blackwell Science Ltd.
Sutton, T.T., Wiebe, P.H., Madin, L.P., & Bucklin, A. (2010). Diversityand community structure of pelagic fishes to 5000 m depth in the Sargasso Sea. Deep-Sea ResearchII. Topical Studies in Oceanography, 57, 2220-2233.
Sprintall, J., Gordon, A.L., Murtugudde, R., & Susanto, R.D. (2000). Semiannual Indian Ocean forced Kelvin wave observed in the Indonesian seas in May 1997. J. Geophys. Res. 105, 17217– 17230.
Torres, J.J., Grigsby, M.D., & Clarke, M.E. (2012). Aerobic and anaerobic metabolism in oxygen minimum layer fishes: the role of alcohol dehydrogenase. J.Exp.Biology, 215, 1905-1914.
Utama, A.A. & Wudianto. (2016). Dinamika spatial ikanmesopelagis (Ceratoscopelus warmingiiLÜTKEN, 1892) di Samudera Hindia. J. Lit. Perik. Ind., 22(4), 263-270. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jppi.22.4.2016.263-270
Yoon, G.D. & Ha, K.L. (1998). Acoustic target strength of pelagic fish species to echo integration in Korea Waters and Measurement of target strength of squid (Todarodes pacificus). J. Kor. Soc. Fish.Techno, 34, 372-377.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jppi.24.3.2018.197-208
Jurnal Penelitian Perikanan Indonesia is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
