PARAMETER POPULASI DAN TINGKAT PEMANFAATAN KEPITING BAKAU (Scylla serrata Forsskal, 1775) DI PERAIRAN SEBATIK, KALIMANTAN UTARA

Tirtadanu Tirtadanu, Umi chodrijah

Abstract


Salah satu informasi yang diperlukan untuk merumuskan pengelolaan kepiting bakau (Scylla serrata Forsskal, 1775) yang berkelanjutan adalah parameter populasi dan tingkat pemanfaatannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji parameter populasi dan tingkat pemanfaatan kepiting bakau di perairan Sebatik. Penelitian dilakukan pada Maret-Desember 2017. Sampel kepiting bakau di peroleh dari hasil tangkapan nelayan dengan alat tangkap bubu di perairan Sebatik. Pertumbuhan dianalisis berdasarkan persamaan Von Bertalanffy dengan mengamati pergeseran struktur ukuran kepiting tiap bulan dan tingkat pemanfaatan diperoleh dari metode kurva konversi panjang dengan hasil tangkapan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kepiting bakau yang tertangkap bubu di perairan Sebatik berukuran lebar karapas (carapace width) antara 84-144 mmCW dengan rata-rata ukuran yang tertangkap adalah 107,05±12,3 mmCW pada kepiting jantan dan 110,2±8,86 mmCW pada kepiting betina. Pertumbuhan berat kepiting bakau jantan lebih cepat dibandingkan ukurannya (b=3,6) sebaliknya pertumbuhan berat kepiting bakau betina lebih lambat dibandingkan ukurannya (b=2,5). Nisbah kelamin kepiting bakau menunjukkan kondisi tidak seimbang (5,5 : 1) dengan proporsi jantan lebih dominan dibandingkan betina. Lebar karapas asimptotik (CW) kepiting bakau jantan adalah 151,2 mmCW dan betina adalah 140,5 mmCW. Laju pertumbuhan (K) kepiting bakau adalah 0,75 tahun-1 pada kepiting jantan dan 0,79 tahun-1 pada kepiting betina. Status pemanfaatan kepiting bakau telah berada dalam tahapan mendekati lebih tangkap (E=0,5-0,55) sehingga disarankan tidak melakukan penambahan upaya penangkapan kepiting bakau di perairan Sebatik. 

One of the information needed for formulating the sustainable management of mud crab is the availability of information on the population parameters and its exploitation rate. The current research aimed to study the population parameters and the exploitation rate of mud crab in Sebatik Waters. Field research was conducted in March – December 2017. Samples of mud crab were obtained from the catch of fisherman by trap in Sebatik Waters. The Von Bertalanffy growth parameters were constructed through monthly modals progression analysis of the size of carapace width frequencies distributions and the exploitation rate was estimated through the method of length converted catch curve. The results showed that the carapace width of mud crabs caught by trap in Sebatik Waters ranged between 84 to 144 mmCW with the mean size of 107.05±12.3 mmCW for male and 110.2±8.86 mmCW for female. The growth of weights of male crab (b=3.6) is faster than its size, while the growth of weight of female crab was slower than its size (b=2,5). The sex ratio of mud crab was unbalanced (5.5 : 1) that the proportion of male was more dominant than female. Asymptotic carapace width (CW) of mud crab was 151.2 mmCW for male and 140.5 mmCW for female. The growth rate (K) of mud crab was 0.75 year-1 for male and 0.79 year-1 for female. The exploitation status of mud crab was starting to overfishing (E=0,5-0,55) so it suggest to not increase the fishing effort of mud crab fishery  in Sebatik Waters.


Keywords


Parameter populasi; perairan Sebatik; Scylla serrata; tingkat pemanfaatan

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jppi.24.3.2018.187-196


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