DISTRIBUSI SPASIAL IKAN FAMILI CHAETODONTIDAE DI KEPULAUAN KARIMUNJAWA, JAWA TENGAH

Mujiyanto Mujiyanto, Amran Ronny Syam

Abstract


Salah satu spesies ikan yang selama ini digunakan sebagai indikator kesehatan terumbu karang adalah famili Chaetodontidae. Namun keberadaan dan kondisi ikan indikator ini belum banyak diketahui di perairan Karimunjawa. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengamati komposisi jenis dan sebaran ikan dari famili Chaetodontidae di perairan Kepulauan Karimunjawa yang dilaksanakan di 15 stasiun pada April, Juli,  Oktober, dan November 2011 serta Juni, September, dan Desember 2012. Pengamatan dilakukan dengan metode sensus visual Line Intercept Transect (LIT) pada 2 selang kedalaman. Pertama  kedalaman ± 5-6 meter dan kedua ± 10-11 meter dengan jarak penyelaman sepanjang 75 meter. Pada penelitian ini, ditemukan 21 spesies ikan dari famili Chaetodontidae. Kelimpahan spesies tertinggi ditemukan di Pulau Nyamuk dengan nilai 110 ind/ha pada kedalaman ± 5-6 meter dan 100 ind/ha pada kedalaman ± 10-11 meter. Jumlah spesies ikan indikator tercatat sebanyak 21 spesies, yang tersebar di seluruh perairan, dengan perbedaan kehadiran hanya tejadi pada kedalaman. Dari seluruh spesies terdapat  6 spesies yang memiliki perbedaan kehadiran, dua spesies ikan  ditemukan di kedalaman ± 5-6 meter yaitu Chaetodon kleinii dan Chaetodon punctatofasciatus, empat spesies yang tidak ditemukan di kedalaman ± 10-11 meter yaitu Choetodon fasciatus, Chaetodon ephippium, Heniochus varius, dan Sinodus binotatus. Kesamaan spesies ditandai dengan kecenderungan membentuk kelompok yang mengerucut terjadi di perairan Pulau Nyamuk, yang berarti bahwa seluruh spesies yang ditemukan pada seluruh stasiun, terdapat di Pulau Nyamuk.


One of the species of fish that had been used as an indicator of the health of coral reefs is the family Chaetodontidae. But the existence and condition of this indicator fish has not been widely known in Karimun waters. This study was conducted to observe the species composition and distribution of fish of the family Chaetodontidae in Karimun Islands waters held at 15 stations in April, July, October, and November 2011 and June, September, and December 2012. Observations were made with the visual census method Line Intercept Transect (LIT) at a depth of 2 hoses. First of ± 5-6 meters depth and the second with a distance of ± 10-11 meters along the 75-meter dive. In this study, found 21 species of fish of the family Chaetodontidae. The highest species richness was found in Nyamuk Island with a value of 110 ind/ ha at a depth of 5-6 meters and ± 100 ind/ha at a depth of ± 10-11 meters. Number of indicator fish species were recorded for 21 species. Spatial distribution of the 21 species, occurs throughout the waters, with the difference only occurs in the presence of depth. Of all species, there are 6 species which have different attendance, two species of fish found in the depths of ± 5-6 meters is Chaetodon kleinii and Chaetodon punctatofasciatus, four species found in depths of ± 10-11 meters is Chaetodon fasciatus, Chaetodon ephippium, Heniochus varius, and Sinodus binotatus. The similarity of species characterized by the tendency to form groups that occur in the conical Nyamuk Island waters, which means that all of the species found in the entire station, located on Nyamuk Island.


Keywords


Distribusi; ikan indikator; chaetodontidae; kepulauan karimunjawa

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jppi.20.4.2014.225-234


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