PENANGKAPAN, PARAMETER POPULASI SERTA TINGKAT PEMANFAATAN LOBSTER PASIR (Panulirus homarus) DAN LOBSTER BATU (Panulirus penicillatus) DI PERAIRAN GUNUNG KIDUL DAN SEKITARNYA

Ali Suman, Ap'idatul Hasanah, Andina Ramadhani Putri Pane, Anthony Sisco Panggabean

Abstract


Tingginya permintaan pasar terhadap lobster mengakibatkan aktivitas penangkapannya di perairan Gunung Kidul dan sekitarnya berlangsung terus-menerus sepanjang tahun sehingga mengancam kelestariannya. Penelitian tentang status stok merupakan salah satu dasar utama dalam merumuskan pengelolaan menuju pemanfaatannya secara berkelanjutan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dinamika penangkapan, parameter populasi serta tingkat pemanfaatan lobster pasir (Panulirus homarus) dan lobster batu (Panulirus penicillatus) di perairan Gunung Kidul. Pengumpulan data bulanan dilakukan dengan bantuan enumerator dari bulan Januari sampai dengan Oktober 2016 menggunakan metode survey. Parameter populasi dianalisis dengan program FISAT. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa alat tangkap yang digunakan untuk menangkap lobster adalah jaring lobster dan jaring krendet. Musim penangkapan berlangsung sepanjang tahun dengan puncaknya antara bulan Oktober sampai dengan Desember. Struktur ukuran lobster pasir berkisar antara 35-100 mm (panjang karapas) dan untuk lobster batu berkisar antara 30-110 mm (panjang karapas). Ukuran rata-rata pertama kali tertangkap (Lc) kedua jenis lobster tersebut umumnya lebih kecil dari ukuran rata-rata pertama kali matang kelamin (Lm). Laju pertumbuhan (K) lobster tergolong rendah dan laju kematian karena penangkapan (F) lebih besar dari laju kematian almiah (M). Laju eksploitasi (E) lobster pasir adalah 0,66 per tahun dan untuk lobster batu adalah 0,52 per tahun, dengan demikian status stok lobster sudah berada pada penangkapan berlebih (overfishing). Agar sumber daya lobster terjamin kelestariannya, maka harus dilakukan pengurangan upaya dari jumlah upaya yang ada saat ini.

The high market demand for the spiny lobster cause an intensive fishing for its resources efforts in Gunung Kidul and adjacent waters and tend to threatening their sustainability. Studies for spiny lobster stock status are the main foundations for formulating a management for sustainable utilization. The purpose of this study was to determine the fishing dynamic, population parameters and exploitation rate of scalopped spiny lobster (Panulirus homarus) and pronghorn spiny lobster (Panulirus penicillatus) in Gunung Kidul and adjacent waters. Monthly data were collected by enumerators. Study was conducted in Gunung Kidul and adjacent waters from January to October 2016 using a survey method. The results showed that the main fishing gears for spiny lobster were lobster net (bottom gillnet monofilament) and krendet net (hoop net). Fishing season of this lobster occur throughout the yearly with the peak season at October to December. The carapace length range for scalopped and pronghorn spiny lobsters were in the range of 35-100 mm and 30-110 mm, respectively. The length at first capture (Lc) of those spiny lobster were smallert han the length at first maturity (Lm). The growth rate (K) of spiny lobster was low and the fishing mortality rate (F) was higher than natural mortality rate (M). The exploitation rate (E) of scalopped and pronghorn spiny lobster was 0.66 per year and 0.52 per year, respectively. It showed that the exploitation rate of spiny lobster were overfishing. In order to ensure the sustainability of the spiny lobster, there is needed to apply the precautionary approach such as reducing fishing effort by 32 % for scalopped spiny lobster and 4 % for pronghorn spiny lobster from the current situation.


Keywords


lobster, alat tangkap, struktur ukuran, dinamika populasi, status stok, Gunung Kidul dan sekitarnya.

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jppi.25.3.2019.147-160


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