KARAKTERISTIK BIOLOGI DAN TINGKAT PEMANFAATAN UDANG WINDU DI PERAIRAN SEBATIK, KALIMANTAN UTARA

Tirtadanu Tirtadanu, Umi Chodrijah

Abstract


Keterbatasan data dan informasi hasil tangkapan udang windu (Penaeus monodon Fabricius, 1798) yang tidak terlaporkan di Sebatik menyebabkan sulitnya menduga potensi dan status stok udang windu. Upaya yang dapat dilakukan untuk menduga status stok dan strategi pengelolaan udang yang berkelanjutan di perairan Sebatik adalah melalui kajian karakteristik biologi, perikanan seperti parameter populasi dan rasio potensi pemijahan. Sampel udang diperoleh dari hasil tangkapan nelayan di beberapa daerah pendaratan sekitar Tanjung Aru dan pengumpulan data biometrik udang dilakukan selama bulan April Desember 2018. Parameter pertumbuhan diperoleh dari pergeseran modus panjang karapas bulanan berdasarkan model pertumbuhan Von Bertalanffy. Tingkat penangkapan diperoleh dari laju eksploitasi (E) dan estimasi rasio pemijahan berbasis data panjang (Length-based SPR). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rata-rata ukuran udang yang tertangkap jaring tiga lapis adalah 46,90±0,14 mmCL pada udang jantan dan 53,40±0,25 mmCL pada udang betina. Sebagian besar udang yang tertangkap belum melakukan pemijahan (Lc=52 mmCL<Lm=55 mmCL) dan udang windu memijah sepanjang tahun dengan puncakya diduga terjadi pada bulan Agustus dan November-Desember. Udang betina memiliki ukuran yang lebih besar (L∞ jantan=66,25 mmCL; L∞ betina=84,50 mmCL) dan laju pertumbuhan yang lebih cepat (K jantan=1,27 tahun-1; K betina=1,39 tahun-1) dibandingkan udang jantan. Laju mortalitas alami udang jantan sama dengan udang betina (M=1,7 tahun-1) sedangkan laju mortalitas penangkapan udang jantan lebih tinggi dibandingkan udang betina (F jantan=2,13 tahun-1; F betina=1,70 tahun-1). Status penangkapan udang windu di perairan Sebatik telah jenuh (fully exploited) (E=0,50-0,56) dan kondisi stoknya tidak berada pada kondisi growth overfishing berdasarkan estimasi rasio potensi pemijahan sebesar 34%. Pengusahaan udang windu di perairan Sebatik dapat terus dilanjutkan dengan menghindari penangkapan yang terpusat di daerah asuhan.

The limited data and the unreported information about the yields of giant tiger prawn (Penaeus monodon Fabricius, 1798) in Sebatik caused difficulties in estimating potention and stock status of tiger prawn. The study that could be applied for estimating stock status and management strategy for sustainable shrimp fisheries in Sebatik Waters was the study about fisheries biological characteristics including population parameters and spawning potential ratio. Samples were obtained from the catch of trammel net by fishers in some landing areas in Tanjung Aru and the biometric data has been collected during April-December 2018. The growth parameters were obtained from the movement of the monthly mode of carapace length that were based on the Von Bertalanffy growth model. Exploitation status was obtained from exploitation rate of E and length based SPR. The results showed that the mean size of shrimps that was captured by trammel net was 46,90±0,14 mmCL for male and 53,40±0,25 mmCL for female. Most of shrimps were caught before they spawn (Lc=52 mmCL<Lm=55 mmCL) and tiger prawns spawn throughout the year that the peaks occurred in Agustus dan November-December. Female shrimp has larger size (L∞ jantan=66,25 mmCL; L∞ betina=84,50 mmCL) and faster growth rate ( K male=1,27 year-1; K female=1,39 year-1) than the male. The natural mortality of male shrimp was the same as the female (M=1,70 tahun-1) while the fishing mortality of male was higher than female (F male=2,13 tahun-1; F female=1,7 tahun-1). Exploitation status of tiger prawn in Sebatik Waters was fully exploited (E=0,50-0,56) and the shrimp stock has not been on growth overfishing yet according to spawning potential ratio of 34%. The shrimps fishing in Sebatik Waters could continue by avoiding the fishing on the nursery ground.


Keywords


Fully exploited; trammel net; Penaeus monodon; Sebatik; exploitation status

Full Text:

PDF

References


Beverton, R. J. H., & Holt, S. J. (1956). A review of methods for estimating mortality rates in exploited fish populations, with special reference to sources of bias in catch sampling. Rapp. P. v. Reun. CIEM, 140, 67-83.

Brooks, E. N., Powers, J. E., & Cortes, E. (2010). Analytical reference points for age-structured models: application to data-poor fisheries. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 67, 165 175. doi : https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsp225

Chodrijah, U., & Faizah, R. (2018). Beberapa aspek biologi udang windu (Penaeus monodon Fabricius, 1798) di perairan Tarakan, Kalimantan Utara. BAWAL, 10(1), 49-55. doi : http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/bawal.10.1.2018.49-55

DJPT. (2017). Statistik Perikanan Tangkap Indonesia menurut Provinsi 2016. Direktorat Jenderal Perikanan Tangkap.

Gayanilo, F. C. Jr., Sparre, P., & Pauly, D. (2005). FAO-ICLARM Stock Assessment Tools II (FISAT II). Revised version. Users guide. FAO Computerized Information Series (Fisheries) No. 8. Revised Version. FAO Rome.

Goodyear, C. P. (1993). Spawning stock biomass per recruit in fisheries management: foundation and current use. p. 67-81. in Smith S. J., Hunt J. J., Rivard D (ed)., Risk evaluation and biological reference points for fisheries management. Can. Spec. Publ. Fish. Aquat. Sci, 120 pp.

Gopal, G., Gopikrishna, G., Krishna, G., Jahageerdar, S. S., Rye, M., & Kumar, D. (2010). Weight and time of onset of female-superior sexual dimorphism in pond reared Penaeus monodon. Aquaculture 300, 237-239. doi : 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2010.01.007

Gulland, J. A. (1983). Fish stock assessment (p. 233). A Manual of basic method. Chicester: John Wiley and Sons.

Hedianto, D. A., Suryandari, A. S., & Tjahjo, D. W. H. (2016). Dinamika populasi dan status pemanfaatan udang windu Penaeus monodon (Fabricius, 1789) di perairan Aceh Timur, Provinsi Aceh. J. Lit. Perikan. Ind. 22(2), 71-82. doi : http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jppi.22.2.2016.71-82

Hordyk, A., Ono, K., Sainsbury, K. J., Loneragan, N., & Prince, J. D., (2015a). Some explorations of the life history ratios to describe length composition, spawning-per-recruit, and the spawning potential ratio. ICES J. Mar. Sci. 72, 204-216. doi : 10.1093/icesjms/fst235

Hordyk, A., Ono, K., Valencia, S., Loneragan, N., & Prince, J. (2015b). A novel length-based empirical estimation method of spawning potential ratio (SPR), and tests of its performance, for small-scale, data-poor fisheries. ICES Journal of Marine Science. 72(1), 217-231. doi : 10.1093/icesjms/fsu004

Hutchings, J. A. (2002). Life histories of fish. In P. Hart., & J. Reynolds (eds), Handbook of fish biology and fisheries (p. 149-174). Oxford: Blackwell Science.

Kannan, D., Jagadeesan, K., Shettu, N., Thirunavukkarasu, P. (2014). Maturation and spawning of commercially important Penaeid Shrimp Penaeus monodon Fabricius at Pazhayar Tamil Nadu (South East Coast of India). Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science. 9(4), 170-175. doi : 10.3923/jifas.2014.170-175.

Kembaren, D. D., & Nurdin, E. (2013). Dinamika populasi dan tingkat pemanfaatan udang windu (Penaeus mondon) di perairan Tarakan, Kalimantan Timur. J. Lit. Perikan. Ind. 19(4), 221-226. doi : http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jppi.19.4.2013.221-226.

King, M. (1995). Fishery biology, assessment and management (p. 341). Fishing New Books. United Kingdom.

Mace, P. M., & Sissenwine, M. P. (1989) Biological reference points for New Zealand fisheries assessments. New Zealand Fisheries Assessment Research Document 89/11.11pp.

Motoh, H. (1981). Studies on the fisheries biology of the giant tiger prawn, penaeus monodon, (p. 128) in The Philippines. SEAFDEC Tech.

Motoh, H. (1985). Biology and ecology of Penaeus monodon. In Taki Y., Primavera JH., & Llobrera JA. (Eds). Proceedings of the First International Conference on the Culture of Penaeid Prawns/Shrimps, 4-7 December 1984, Iloilo City, Philippines (27-36 pp.). Iloilo City, Philippines: Aquaculture Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center.

Narasimhan, N., Maharajothi, P., Ravichelvan, R., Sukumaran, M., Ravichandran, R., & Rengarajan, R. (2013). Biochemical studies on protein content in different tissues of selected shrimps Penaeus monodon and Penaeus vannamei. Int. J. Pure Appl. Zool, 1(1), 92-96.

Pauly, D. (1983). Some Simple Methods for the Assessment of Tropical Fish Stocks. FAO Fisheries Technical Paper, 254, 52 pp.

Pauly, D., Ingles, J., & Neal, R. (1984). Application to shrimp stocks of objective methods for the estimation of growth, mortality and recruitment-related parameters from legth-frequency date (ELEFAN I and II). Penaeid shrimps-Their biology and management. Fishing News Books Ltd. 308 pp.

Primavera, J. H. (1985). A review of maturation and reproduction in closed thelycum Penaeids. In Taki Y., Primavera JH., & Llobrera JA. (Eds). Proceedings of the First International Conference on the Culture of Penaeid Prawns/Shrimps, 4-7 December 1984, Iloilo City, Philippines (47-64 pp.). Iloilo City, Philippines: Aquaculture Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center.

Rosenberg, A., Mace, P., Thompson, G., Darcy, G., Clark, W., Collie, J., MacCall, A., Methot, R., Powers, J., Restrepo, V., Wainwright, T., Botsford, L., Hoenig, J., & Stokes K. (1994). Scientific review of definitions of overfishing in US Fishery Management Plans. NOAA Technical Memorandom NMFS-F/SPO-17. 214p.

Ruangpanit, N., Maneewongsan, S., Tattanon, T., & Kraisingdeja, P. (1985). Induced ovarian maturation and rematuration by eyestalk ablation of Penaeus monodon collected from Indian ocean (Phuket province) and Songkhla lake (Abstract only). In Taki Y., Primavera JH., & Llobrera JA. (Eds). Proceedings of the First International Conference on the Culture of Penaeid Prawns/Shrimps, 4-7 December 1984, Iloilo City, Philippines (166 p). Iloilo City, Philippines: Aquaculture Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center.

Setyadji, B., & Priatna, A. (2011). Distribusi spasial dan temporal plankton di Perairan Teluk Tomini, Sulawesi. BAWAL, 3(6), 387-395. doi : http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/bawal.3.6.2011.387-395

Sparre, P., & Venema S. C. (1992). Introduction to Tropical Fish Stock Asseessment Part 1. Manual. Fao Fish. Tech. Pap. (306/1). Rev.1: 376 p.

Sriraman, K., Ajmalkhan, S., & Natarajan, R.(1989). Age and growth in Penaeus monodon Fabricius of Porto Novo Coast. J. mar. biol. Ass. India. 31(1&2), 261-265.

Suman, A., Prisantoso, B. I., Kembaren, D. D. (2017). Parameter populasi udang dogol (Metapenaeus ensis) dan udang windu (Penaeus monodon) di Laut Arafura. BAWAL, 9(1), 57-62. doi : http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/bawal.9.1.2017.57-62

Suryandari, A., Hedianto, D. A., & Tjahjo, D. W. H. (2018). Karakteristik biologi dan daerah asuhan udang windu (Penaeus monodon Fabricius, 1798) di perairan Aceh Timur. J. Lit. Perikan. Ind, 24(2), 105-116. doi : http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jppi.24.2.2018.105-116

Sutomo, A. A. (1989). Hubungan kelimpahan zooplankton dan hasil rata-rata per mata pancing Madidihang di Laut Sulawesi dan Selat Makassar. Jurnal. Pen. Perikanan Laut, 50, 23-33.

Tirtadanu & Suprapto. (2017). Trawling ban impact on the stock density of shrimps in the Java Sea, Indonesia. Ocean Life, 1(2), 49-54. doi : 10.13057/oceanlife/o010202

Tirtadanu, Suprapto., & Pane A. R. (2018). Komposisi jenis, sebaran dan kepadatan stok udang pada musim selatan di perairan Timur Kalimantan. BAWAL, 10(1), 41-47. doi : http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/bawal.10.1.2018.41-47

Uddin, A. K. N, Ghosh, S., & Maity, J. (2016). Length weight relationship and condition factor of Penaeus monodon (Fabricius, 1798) from Digha coast, West Bengal, India. International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies, 4(3), 168-172.

Udoinyang, E. P., Amali, O., Iheukwumere, C. C., & Ukpatu, J. E. (2016). Length-weight relationship and condition factor of seven shrimp species in the artisanal shrimp fishery of Iko river estuary, southeastern Nigeria. International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies, 4(2), 109-114.




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jppi.25.3.2019.191-202


Creative Commons License
Jurnal Penelitian Perikanan Indonesia is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

View My Stats
p-ISSN 0853-5884
e-ISSN 2502-6542

Find in a library with WorldCatCrossref logoSHERPA/RoMEO Logogoogle scholardoaj