PENGARUH ASPEK TEKNIS-OPERASIONAL PADA JEJAK KARBON KAPAL PERIKANAN HUHATE INDONESIA
Abstract
Meningkatnya permintaan pasar dunia terhadap komoditas tuna cakalang tongkol (TCT) mendorong semakin intensifnya penggunaan alat tangkap huhate di perairan timur Indonesia. Sementara proses sertifikasi Marine Stewardship Council (MSC) sedang berlangsung, trade barrier terkait jejak karbon produk perikanan yang dikenal ramah lingkungan dan memiliki dampak sosial ekonomi yang tinggi ini akan menjadi salah satu faktor yang akan diperhatikan pasar. Dewasa ini data jejak karbon perikanan belum tersedia. Untuk itu dilakukan penelitian yang bertujuan untuk mengestimasi jejak karbon kegiatan penangkapan (cradle to gate) armada huhate di Sorong, Bitung, Kendari, Ambon dan Larantuka. Penelitian yang mengacu pada British Standard Institute PAS 2050-2:2012, dilaksanakan pada Juni-Desember 2015. Data diperoleh melalui kuesioner dan wawancara nakhoda dan kepala kamar mesin. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa armada huhate di Larantuka memiliki jejak karbon terendah (0,59 ton CO2eq/ton ikan). Sedangkan armada huhate di Sorong, Bitung dan Kendari menghasilkan jejak karbon yang berkisar antara 0,61-1,14 ton CO2eq/ton ikan. Secara umum jejak karbon armada tersebut lebih dipengaruhi oleh aspek operasional dari pada aspek teknis kapal. Pembandingan hasil studi jejak karbon sangat perlu dengan memperhatikan kesetaraan batasan sistem produksi (system boundary) yang digunakan.
The increase of world market demand for tuna, skipjack, and kawa-kawa commodities has been escalating the use of pole and line vessels in eastern Indonesian waters. Meanwhile the Marine Stewardship Council (MSC) certification process is ongoing, trade barriers related to carbon footprint of the fisheries that are known to be environmentally friendly and have a high socio-economic impact are massively raised. Nowadays,carbon footprint data of this fishery are not available yet. Therefore research was intended on June-December 2015 to estimate carbon footprint of this fishery, located in main TCT fishing ports such as Sorong, Bitung, Kendari, Ambon, and Larantuka. The research conducted is based on the British Standard Institute PAS 2050-2: 2012. Data were obtained through in-depth interviewing the captains and engine officers. The results show that pole and line fleet based in Larantuka had the lowest carbon footprint of 0.59 tons CO2eq/ton, while the other fleets have produced carbon footprint ranging from 0.61 to 1.14 tons of CO2eq/ton. In general, carbon footprint of this fleet is more likely influenced by the operational aspects rather than the technical ones. Comparisons of the results of carbon footprint studies should be carefully considered the system boundary used by existing fisheries.
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jppi.25.2.2019.103-115
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