DISTRIBUSI - KELIMPAHAN DAN HASIL TANGKAPAN CUMI-CUMI DI PERAIRAN PAPARAN SUNDA BAGIAN SELATAN: berbasis pada perikanan Jaring Cumi yang mendarat di Muara Angke dan Kejawanan

Abstract

Perikanan cumi-cumi telah berkembang di Laut Jawa dan Laut Cina Selatan, didukung oleh alat tangkap bouke ami dan cast net dengan armada penangkap skala menengah. Perikanan berkembang sebagai bentuk diversikasi usaha penangkapan beralih target species akibat terjadinya pergeseran trophic level yang berkaitan dengan perubahan ekosistem serta indikasi pergantian populasi dari sumberdaya ‘multi-species’. Kajian distribusi, kelimpahan dan hasil tangkapan Cumi-cumi (Loliginidae) di perairan Paparan Sunda bagian selatan didasarkan pada data monitoring oleh enumerator tahun 2018 terhadap alat penangkap cumi-cumi (bouke ami dan cast net), didukung oleh data pendaratan per kapal di TPI Muara Angke (Jakarta) periode 2012-2018 dan TPI Kejawanan (Cirebon) periode 2008-2018. Observasi lapangan ditujukan untuk mendeskripsikan karakteristik armada, alat tangkap dan aspek operasional penangkapan. Hasil menunjukkan daerah penangkapan cumi-cumi di Paparan Sunda bagian selatan tersebar luas di Laut Jawa dan Laut Cina Selatan, tapi lebih terkonsentrasi di perairan selatan Selat Karimata yang ditunjukkan oleh tingginya intensitas penangkapan (54% dari total trip penangkapan). Namun demikian, secara umum kelimpahan cumi-cumi (ditunjukkan oleh indek kelimpahan CPUE dalam Kg/hari) hampir seragam sekitar 113-133 kg/hari, sedang indek kelimpahan (CPUE) dalam Kg/trip terlihat berbeda. Perbedaan nyata juga terlihat dari total hasil tangkapan cumi-cumi dari Selat Karimata yang mencapai 55% dari total pendaratan cumi-cumi dari paparan tersebut. Secara umum sebagai target species cumi-cumi berkontribusi sebanyak 93% dari total hasil tangkapan pada alat penangkap cumi. Trend kenaikan hasil tangkapan cumi-cumi berlangsung hingga saat ini baik di Muara Angke maupun Kejawanan. Dalam komposisi jenis prosentase cumi-cumi juga menunjukkan semakin tinggi pada hasil tangkapan pukat (cantrang). Hal-hal terkait pengelolaan perikanan cumi sebagai diversifikasi usaha penangkapan dan pengalihan target species juga dibahas.

Squids fishery had well developed in the Java Sea and the South China Sea, was supported by the bouke ami and cast net that were using the medium scale boats. The fisheries developed as the fishing diversification over the species target as an impact of the tropic level changes correspond to the ecosystem changes and substitution of fish population from ‘multi-species’ fish resources. Study of distribution, abundance and catch of squid (Loliginidae) in the southern of Sunda Shelf waters was carried out based on daily monitoring data by enumerators (enumeration data) in 2018 of squid fishing gears (bouke ami, cast net and squid fishing) supported by 201 squid landing data at TPI Muara Angke (Jakarta) for the 2012-2018 period and TPI Kejawanan (Cirebon) for the 2008-2018 period. Field observations are intended to describe the characteristics of the fleet, fishing gear and operational aspects of capture. The results showed that the squid fishing area in the southern part of Sunda Shelf was widespread in the Java Sea and the South China Sea, but concentrated in the southern of Karimata Strait as indicated by the high intensity of catch (54% of the total fishing trips). However, in general the abundance of squid (indicated by the CPUE abundance index in kg / day) is almost the same, which is around 113-133 kg / day, while the abundance index (CPUE) in kg / trip looks different. Significant differences were also seen from the total catch of squid from the Karimata Strait which reached 55% of the total squid landings from the Shelf. The catch of squid that occurred until now shows an upward trend, this is as recorded in Muara Angke and Kejawanan. In catch composition, the percentage of squid also showed higher catches on trawlers (cantrang). Matters related to the management of squid fisheries as a diversification of fishing effort and diversion of target species are also discussed.