STRUKTUR KOMUNITAS IKAN KARANG DI PERAIRAN PESISIR KENDARI SULAWESI TENGGARA
Abstract
Ekosistem terumbu karang di Kawasan Pesisir Kendari sangat dipengaruhi oleh aktivitas pembangunan di daratan utama seperti sedimentasi yang berkepanjangan. Hal ini dapat berpengaruh pada tutupan karang dan kecerahan air laut, dan sebagai konsekuensinya adalah terjadinya perubahan struktur komunitas ikan karang. Keanekaragaman ikan karang diasumsikan akan menurun ketika terjadi kerusakan yang meluas pada terumbu karang dan dalam waktu yang panjang. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengidentifikasi kondisi sumberdaya ikan karang melalui kajian struktur komunitas ikan karang. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan September 2018 di perairan karang pesisir Kendari, Sulawesi Tenggara. Metode yang digunakan dalam kegiatan ini adalah sensus visual bawah air dengan transek sabuk pada 10 lokasi penelitian. Hasil penelitian menemukan 195 spesies ikan karang yang terdiri dari 93 spesies kelompok mayor, 89 jenis kelompok ikan target, dan 13 jenis kelompok ikan indikator. Dari 10 lokasi transek, hanya 4 stasiun yang memiliki nilai indeks keanekaragaman antara 3,0 – 3,6, indeks dominansi antara 0,04 – 0,10 dan indeks keseragaman antara 0,8 – 0,9, serta 5 stasiun memiliki indeks kekayaan jenis antara 7,8 hingga 10,5. Keanekaragaman jenis ikan termasuk rendah, komunitas didominasi oleh kelompok ikan mayor, dan kepadatan stok ikan karang tergolong rendah pada semua stasiun.
Coral reef ecosystems in Kendari coastal area were affected by mainland development as well as long-term sedimentation.Those activities influencing coral coverage and sea water tranparency lead to the changes in reef fish structure communities. The study objective is to identify the condition of reef-fishes by analyzing theirin terms of a community structures. This study was carried out in September 2018 at the adjacent Kendari’s reef waters, Southeast Sulawesi. The method used in this study was the underwater visual cencus using belt transects at ten study sites. The results of the study successfully identified about 195 species of reef fishes, consisted of 93 species of major-fish group, 89 species of target-fish group, and 13 species of indicator-fish group. Species compositions among the study sites ranged from 39 species to 74 species. Among the 10 transect sites, four sites had fish diversity indices ranging from 3.0 to 3.6, dominance indices ranging from 0.04 – 0.1, and evenness indices ranging from 0.8 to 0.9, whereas 5 transect sites had species richness levels ranging from 7.8 to 10.5. For all study sites, the reef fishes diversities were in low levels, reef fishes communities were dominated by major-fish groups, and the density of fish stocks were classified in low levels.
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jppi.26.2.2020.59-73
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