STRUKTUR KOMUNITAS IKAN KARANG DI PERAIRAN GOSONG PASIR TANJUNG JUMLAI, KABUPATEN PENAJAM PASER UTARA, KALIMANTAN TIMUR
Abstract
Gosong pasir Tanjung Jumlai merupakan gugusan kawasan yang terletak sekitar 7 mil dari Pelabuhan Semayang di Balikpapan, Kalimantan Timur. Penelitian tentang komunitas ikan karang telah dilakukan di tiga lokasi stasiun pengamatan di daerah terumbu karang Tanjung Jumlai. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui komposisi jenis, sebaran, kelimpahan, serta struktur komunitas ikan karang di perairan tersebut. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada Oktober 2019. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan metode sensus visual. Selama penelitian tercatat 31 jenis ikan karang termasuk dalam 9 famili, dengan rata-rata nilai kelimpahan ikan karang sebesar 91 individu/stasiun. Komposisi jenis ikan karang terdiri dari 7 jenis ikan target (ikan konsumsi), 5 jenis ikan indikator, dan 19 jenis ikan kelompok lainnya (major grup). Kelompok ikan target sebagai bagian dari aktivitas perikanan tangkap yang dominan adalah jenis Achanturus auranticavus, Pterocaesio pisang, dan Caesio teres. Jenis dominan dari kelompok ikan indikator adalah Chaetodon octofasciatus, dan dari kelompok lainnya yang dominan adalah jenis Thalassoma lunare, Chromis ternatensis, dan Pomacentrus moluccensis. Kelimpahan jenis dan jumlah individu ikan pada masing-masing stasiun pengamatan berkisar antara 15 – 18 jenis per stasiun serta 48 – 129 individu. Indeks keanekaragaman Shanon Wiener (H’ berbasis log) berkisar antar 1,889-2,258, Indeks keseragaman (e) berkisar 0,698-0,881, dan indeks dominansi berkisar 0,127-0,241. Pengelolaan kawasan gosong pasir Tanjung Jumlai yang efektif dibutuhkan untuk meningkatkan tutupan karang hidup, kekayaan jenis dan kelimpahan ikan karang antara lain dapat memberikan manfaat bagi masyarakat perikanan tangkap secara berkelanjutan di kawasan tersebut.
Tanjung Jumlai sandbar is an area located about 7 miles from Semayang Harbor in Balikpapan, East Kalimantan. Research on coral fish communities has been carried out at three observation stations in the Tanjung Jumlai reef. This study aims to determine the species composition, distribution, abundance, and community structure of reef fish in these waters. The study was conducted in October 2019. Data collection was carried out by the visual census method. During the study, 31 reef fish species from 9 families were found, with an average coral fish abundance of 91 individuals/station. The composition of reef fish species consists of 7 target fish (edible fish), 5 indicator fish, and 19 major fish species. The dominant target fish groups are Achanturus auranticavus, Pterocaesio banana, and Caesio teres. The dominant type of the indicator fish group is Chaetodon octofasciatus, and the dominant of major groups are Thalassoma lunare, Chromis ternatensis, and Pomacentrus moluccensis species. The abundance of species and number of individual fish at each observation station ranged from 15-18 species per station and –8 - 129 individuals. Shanon Wiener’s diversity index (H log-based) ranged from 1.889 to 2.258, Uniformity index (e) ranged from 0.698 to 0.881, and dominance index ranged from 0.127 to 0.241. Effective management of Tanjung Jumlai sandbank is needed to increase live coral cover, species richness, and abundance of reef fish to bring sustainable benefits for fisheries communities in the area.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Allen, J.R. (2001). Pomacentridae. Damselfishes (anemonefishes). In K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Vol. 5. Bony fishes part 3 (Menidae to Pomacentridae). Rome: FAO. p. 3337-3356.
Allen, G.R. (2002). Reef fishes of the Radja Ampat Islands, Papua Province, Indonesia. In: Mc Keina, S.A., Allen, G.R., Suryadi, S. (Eds). A Marine rapid assessment of the Radja Ampat Islands, Papua Province, Indonesia. Bulletin of the Rapid Assesment Program 22, Washington DC: Conservation International.
Allen, G.R., Steene, R., Humann, P. & DeLoach, N. (2003). Reef Fish Identification: Tropical Pacific. California: New World Publication. 457 p.
BPS Kabupaten Penajam Paser Utara. (2021). Penajam Paser Utara Dalam Angka 2021. BPS Kabupaten Penajam Paser Utara. ISSN 1907-2120. iix +636p.
Burgess, W.E. (2001). Chaetodontidae. Butterflyfishes. In K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Vol. 5. Bony fishes part 3 (Menidae to Pomacentridae). Rome: FAO. p. 3381-3403.
Burke, L., Reytar, K., Spalding, M., & Perry, A. (2011). Reefs at risk revisited. World Resources Institute. 130 p.
Carter, J.A. (2001). Pomacentridae. Damselfishes. In K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Vol. 5. Bony fishes part 3 (Menidae to Pomacentridae). Rome: FAO. p. 1694-1700.
CCRES. (2014). Memanfaatkan jasa terumbu karang dan ekosistem terkait. Queensland: Universitas Queensland. 16p.
Dharmawan, A. (2005). Ekologi Hewan, Malang: FMIPA Universitas Negeri Malang. ix+158p.
Edrus, I.N., Arief, S. & Setyawan, I.E. (2010). Kondisi Kesehatan Terumbu Karang Teluk Saleh, Sumbawa. Tinjauan Aspek Substrat Dasar Terumbu dan Keanekaragaman Ikan Karang. Jurnal Penelitian Perikanan Indonesia, 16(2), 147-161. DOI:10.15578/jppi.16.2.2010.147-161.
Efendi, M., Hutahaean, S., Budiarsa, A. A., & Hanjoko, T. (2014). Condition and the affecting factors of Tanjung Jumlai patch reef in North Penajam Paser Regency East Kalimantan. International Journal of Science and Engineering 7(1), 95-99. DOI: https://doi.org/10.12777/ijse.7.1.95-99
Emslie, M.J., Cheal, A.J., Sweatman, H. & Delean, S. (2008). Recovery from disturbance of coral and reef fish communities on the Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Marine Ecology Progress Series 371, 177-190. DOI:10.3354/meps07657.
English, S., Wilkinson, C., & Baker, V. (1997). Survey manual for tropical marine research. Townsville: ASEAN-Australia Marine Science Project. Australian Institute of Marine Science, Canberra: x+390p.
Giyanto, Manuputty, A.E.W., Abrar, M., Siringoringo, R.M., Suharti , S.R., Wibowo, K., Edrus, I.N., Arbi, U.Y., Cappenberg, H.A.W., Sihaloho, H.F.. Tuti, Y. & Zulfianita, D. (2014) Panduan Monitoring Kesehatan Terumbu Karang. Suharsono, Kurnaen, O. & Sumadhiharga (Eds.). COREMAP CTI LIPI, Jakarta: x + 63 hlm.
Glynn, P.W., Enochs, I.C., Afflerbach, J.A., Brandtneris. V.W., & Serafy, J.E. (2014). Eastern Pacific reef fish responses to coral recovery following El Niño disturbances. Marine Ecology Progress Series 495, 233-247. DOI:10.3354/meps10594.
Gusmawati, N.F., Candra, D.P, Ratnawati, H.I. 2020. Struktur Komunitas Terumbu Karang di Perairan Teluk Balikpapan, Kalimantan Timur. Segara 16 (1),59-70. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/segara.v16i1.8649
Heemstra, P.C. (2001). Suborder Achanturoidei. In K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Vol. 6. Bony fishes part 4 (Labridae to Latimeriidae), estuarine crocodiles, sea turtles, sea snakes and marine mammals. Rome: FAO. p. 3611-3618.
Kuiter, R. H. (1992). Tropical Reef-Fishes of the Western Pacific, Indonesia and Adjacent Waters. Jakarta: PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama. xiii:314p.
Lieske, E. & Myers, R. (1994). Reef Fishes of the World. Singapore: Periplus Edition. 400p.
Ludwig, J.A.& Reynolds, J.F. (1988). Statistical ecology: A primer methods and computing. New York: John Wiley and Sons. xviii+337p.
Masbanjar, E. (2020). Lestarikan Terumbu Karang di PPU, Jamrut DC Turunkan Stupa.Kaltim.idntimes.com.https://kaltim.idntimes.com/news/kaltim/ervan-masbanjar-1/lestarikan-terumbu-karang-di-ppu-jamrut-dc-turunkan-stupa/3
Matsuda, A.K., Amoka, C., Uyeno, T., Araga, C. & Yoshiro, T. (1984). The Fishes of the Japanese Archipelago. Tokyo: Tokyo University Press. xxii:437p.
Nybakken, J. W. (1992). Biologi Laut: Suatu Pendekatan Ekologis. Alih Bahasa: H. Muhammad Eidman. Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka Utama. xv+459p. ISBN 979403018X 9789794030189.
Pyle, R. (2001). Chaetodontidae. Butterflyfishes. In K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Vol. 5. Bony fishes part 3 (Menidae to Pomacentridae). Rome: FAO. p. 3224-3238.
PIPP Manggar (2021). Perbekalan Produksi Pangkalan Pendaratan Ikan Manggar.
Suharti, S.R. (1996). Keanekaragaman jenis dan kelimpahan Pomacentridae di terumbu karang perairan Selat Sunda. Oseanologi dan Limnologi di Indonesia 29, 29-39.
Sukarno, (2009). Review data pemantauan ekologi terumbu karang daerah coremap II ADB. Reef Rehabilitation and Management Program. Jakarta: COREMAP. p. 51 hal.
Supriharyono. (2000). Pelestarian dan pengelolaan sumber daya alam di wilayah pesisir tropis. Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka Utama. Xii+246pp.
Wardhani, E. (2020). Upaya konservasi terumbu karang dan penguatan data melalui jejaring terumbu karang. Webinar Jejaring Terumbu Karang "Database Terumbu Karang di Wilayah Kalimantan". Kamis, 10 September 2020. https://kkp.go.id/djprl/bpsplpontianak/page/3621-webinar-jejaring-terumbu-karang-kalimantan.
Westneat, M.W. (2001). Labridae. In K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Vol. 6. Bony fishes part 4 (Labridae to Latimeriidae), estuarine crocodiles, sea turtles, sea snakes and marine mammals. Rome: FAO. p. 3381-3403.
Zebua, D.J. (2016). Banyak Karang Rusak di Balikpapan, Ikan Langka Napoleon Dilepas di Daerah Lain. Kompas.com. https://regional.kompas.com/read/2016/10/05/15313591/banyak.karang.rusak.di.balikpapan.ikan.langka.napoleon.dilepas.di.daerah.lain?page=all.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jppi.27.3.2021.%25p
Jurnal Penelitian Perikanan Indonesia is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
