ESTIMASI PARAMETER POPULASI DAN RASIO POTENSI PEMIJAHAN TONGKOL KOMO (Euthynnus affinis, Cantor 1849) DI PERAIRAN SELATAN LOMBOK
Abstract
Tongkol komo (Euthynnus affinis) merupakan salah satu komoditas ekonomis tinggi perikanan tuna neritik, terutama bagi armada tuna skala kecil. Seiring dengan meningkatnya intensitas penangkapan pada satu dekade terakhir, diperlukan kajian kuantitatif terkait keberlangsungan stok. Akan tetapi, minimnya data yang tersedia pada perikanan jenis ini merupakan tantangan terbesar dalam melakukan usaha pengelolaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menduga parameter populasi dan rasio potensi pemijahan (SPR) berbasis ukuran panjang, sebagai titik acuan biologis kondisi stok dalam menghadapi tekanan penangkapan. Total 1.321 data ukuran panjang dikumpulkan secara acak setiap bulan selama Januari hingga Desember 2016 di Tanjung Luar. Parameter populasi meliputi pertumbuhan, kematian, rekrutmen, dan laju pemanfaatan diestimasi dengan metode ELEFAN. Analisis SPR juga dilakukan dengan melibatkan parameter reproduksi yang disintesis dari penelitian sebelumnya dengan paket LB-SPR. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa formula pertumbuhan von Bertalanffy diekspresikan dengan persamaan Lt = 85,0 (1-e-0,7 (t+0,173)). Meskipun rata-rata sampel tongkol komo diprediksi telah matang gonad/memijah (SL50>L50), namun sumberdaya tongkol komo mengalami tekanan yang tergolong tinggi dan mengganggu rekrutmen individu baru ke dalam stok yang diindikasikan dengan parameter lainnya seperti rasio mortalitas penangkapan relatif (F/M) = 2,15, laju eksploitasi (E) = 0,68, dan SPR = 23%. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan penyusunan pengelolaan yang efektif untuk kelestarian perikanan.
Eastern little tuna or commercially known as kawakawa is listed as one of the most economically important species of neritic tuna, especially caught by small-scale tuna fisheries. Increasing fishing pressure in the last decade should be responded by a quantitative analysis on its stock. The problem arises when this typical fishery usually possesses limited time-series data. This study intended to estimate population parameters and spawning potential ratio (SPR) as a biological reference point to state the healthiness of fishery corresponding to the fishing pressure around coastal areas. A total of 1,321 length measurement data were randomly sampled monthly from January to December 2016 in Tanjung Luar. Population parameters including growth, mortality, recruitment, and exploitation rate were estimated by applying the ELEFAN method. SPR analysis was also carried out by involving reproduction parameters synthesized from previous studies using the LBSPR package. The results showed that the von Bertalanffy growth functions were expressed by the equation Lt = 85.0 (1-e-0.7(t + 0.173)). Although the majority of kawakawa was predicted in maturity as indicated by SL50>L50, high exploitation has occurred to the fishery that can be interfered the recruitment to the stock, as confirmed by other parameters, such as relative fishing mortality (F/M) = 2.15, exploitation rate (E) = 0.68, and SPR = 23%. Hence, the establishment of appropriate management strategies is needed to aim fishery sustainability.
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jppi.26.2.2020.93-107
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