TINGKAT PEMANFAATAN SUMBER DAYA MADIDIHANG (Thunnus albacares) DI SAMUDRA HINDIA DENGAN PENDEKATAN ANALISIS SPAWNING POTENTIAL RATIO
Abstract
Aktivitas penangkapan madidihang telah dilakukan secara terus menerus hingga saat ini karena memiliki nilai ekonomis yang tinggi. Sementara tingkat pemanfaatan sumber daya madidihang dalam beberapa tahun terakhir belum dipelajari dengan baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat pemanfaatan penangkapan madidihang di Indonesia dalam 10 tahun terakhir dan kondisi potensial daerah pemijahan. Analisis dilakukan dengan pendekatan Spawning Potential Ratio (SPR) berdasarkan data panjang cagak madidihang dari berbagai macam alat tangkap. SPR akan dijadikan sebagai titik rujukan biologi dalam memperkirakan tingkat pemanfaatan madidihang. Data panjang cagak yang dianalisis berjumlah 31.735 ekor, dengan panjang minimum 43 cmFL dan maksimum 183 cmF. Rerata panjang madidihang tersebut berkisar 103,7-143,8 cmFL dan terdistribusi secara normal. Madidihang yang tertangkap diasumsikan telah matang secara seksual atau matang gonad (SL50 > Lm). Status perikanan pada 2012, 2007, dan 2006 berdasarkan nilai SPR masuk ke dalam kategori over-exploited (SPR<20%), pada 2011 dan 2013-2018 masuk ke dalam kategori moderate (20% < SPR < 40%), sedangkan pada 2008, 2009, dan 2010 masuk ke dalam kategori under-exploited (SPR > 40%) yang bermakna bahwa pada tahun tersebut potensi pemanfaatan madidihang masih rendah dibandingkan nilai referensi biologi yang dimiliki madidihang.
Yellowfin tuna fishing activity has been carried out continuously until now because it has a high economic value. Meanwhile, the level of yellowfin tuna resource utilization in recent years has not been well studied. This study aims to determine the utilization level of yellowfin tuna fishing in Indonesia and the potential conditions of spawning areas. The analysis was conducted using the Spawning Potential Ratio (SPR) approach based on the fork length data of yellowfin tuna from various fishing gears. SPR will be used as a biological reference point in estimating the exploitation rate of yellowfin tuna. The fork length data analyzed were 31,735 individuals, with a minimum length of 43 cmFL and maximum length of 183 cmFL. The mean length of yellowfin tuna ranged from 103.7-143.8 cmFL and normally distributed. Caught yellowfin tuna can be assumed to be sexually mature or gonadal maturity (SL50> Lm). Fishery status in 2012, 2007, and 2006 based on the SPR value was categorized as over-exploited (SPR <20%), in 2011 and 2013-2018 was categorized as moderate (20% <SPR <40%), while in 2008, 2009 and 2010 was categorized as under-exploited (SPR> 40%), which means that in those years, the potential utilization of yellowfin tuna is still low compared to the biological reference value of yellowfin tuna.
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jppi.27.1.2021.33-41
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