PERKEMBANGAN STRUKTUR KOMUNITAS IKAN KARANG DI PERAIRAN KARANG TAMAN NASIONAL KEPULAUAN WAKTOBI
Abstract
Wilayah Taman Nasional Kepulauan Wakatobi (TNKW) telah dikenal sebagai perairan yang terkelola dengan baik sejak 2010an. Namun dalam perjalanan waktu, aktivitas wisata dan perikanan diasumsikan akan mempengaruhi ekosistem terumbu karang dan mengubah sturktur komunitas ikan karang di kawasan tersebut. Pemantauan perkembangan sumberdaya ikan terumbu karang menjadi suatu pendekatan penting untuk mengetahui adanya perubahan tersebut dari 2015 sampai 2019. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi perubahan struktur ikan karang di TNKW. Metode yang digunakan adalah sensus visual bawah air pada transek sabuk seluas 350 m2. Unit analisis dalam pemantauan perubahan adalah 7 suku ikan karang karnivora dan herbivora, seperti Serranidae, Lutjanidae, Lethrinidae, Haemulidae, Acanthuridae, Scaridae, Siganidae dan 1 suku obligat karang (Chaetodontidae). Data terkini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat sedikitnya 95 jenis untuk 7 suku ikan karang, dimana pada tahun basis 2015 dijumpai 111 jenis. Kelompok ikan indikator suku Chaetodontidae dijumpai 32 jenis dari semula yang dijumpai 15 jenis. Rata-rata kepadatan ikan target 392 ekor/350 m2. Biomasanya rata-rata 2.224 kg/ha. Kepadatan ikan indikator 294 ekor/350 m2. Jenis-jenis yang mendominasi komunitasnya sejak tahun basis adalah dari suku, Acanthuridae (butana), Scaridae (kakatua) dan Serranidae (kerapu). Jenis koralivora dari suku Chaetodontidae yang mendominasi sejak tahun basis adalah Hemitaurichthys polylepis dan Chaetodon kleinii. Secara umum komunitas ikan karang di perairan Wakatobi berkembang baik dari aspek keragaman, kepadatan dan biomassa ikan karang.
The Wakatobi-Archipelago National Park (WANP) has been recognized as good governance management since 2010s. There was asumption that tourism and fishery activities have been going to effluence on reef ecosystems and then altering the reef fish structure communities throughout the times in the area given. Hence, trend assessment for coral reef resources monitoring is an urgent approach to identify the changes of ranging from 2015 to 2019. This study aimed to identify the reef fish structure changes in the area of WANP. An underwater census visual method was used for 350 m2 in area of belt transect. Analysis units used to monitor changes were belong to groups of carnivorous and herbivorous fishes, such as Serranidae, Lutjanidae, Lethrinidae, Haemulidae, Acanthuridae, Scaridae, Siganidae, and belong to coral obligate such as Chaetodontidae.The updating data showed that there were at least 95 species for 7 families of target reef fishes in which before they were pound out 111 species in the basis year of 2015. Meanwhile, indicator fishes of Chaetodontidae were found out 32 species that they before only found out 15 species. The mean of target fish density is 392 individal/350 m2. The mean of their biomassa is 2,224 kg/ha. The indicator fish density was 294 ekor/350 m2. The species dominated their community since the basis year included the families of Acanthuridae (surgionfish), Scaridae (parrotfish) and Serranidae (groupers). Coralivorous species of Chaetodontidae dominated since the basis year, such as: Hemitaurichthys polylepis and Chaetodon kleinii. Generally, the reef fish communities in Wakatobi reef waters get the good trends in regarding to diversity, density and their biomass.
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jppi.27.1.2021.43-55
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