STRUKTUR KOMUNITAS PLANKTON SEBAGAI INDIKATOR PRODUKSI BUDIDAYA UDANG VANAME (Penaeus vannamei)
Abstract
Plankton berfungsi sebagai pakan alami dan parameter ekologi dalam kegiatan budidaya. Perubahan struktur komunitas plankton dapat memengaruhi produktivitas budidaya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui struktur komunitas plankton sebagai indikator produksi budidaya udang vaname. Sampel dikumpulkan pada tiga tambak budidaya udang vaname intensif di Garut, Jawa Barat, Indonesia (7⁰35’57.5”S-107⁰38’7”E) periode waktu November sampai dengan Desember 2021. Tambak budidaya yang diamati berjumlah tiga petak (20 x 20 m per kolam) dengan perlakuan yang sama. Komunitas plankton di tambak ditemukan lima kelompok (20 genus). Kelompok plankton tertinggi adalah kelompok lain-lain (enam genus), sedangkan kelompok fitoplankton tertinggi adalah Chlorophyceae (lima genus). Kelimpahan plankton berkisar 2–2826 ind mL-1. Nilai indeks keragaman masih dalam kategori baik dan stabil di mana keragaman tertinggi terdapat pada tambak 2 (H’ = 2,16) dan terendah pada tambak 1 (H’ = 1,83). Nilai keseragaman plankton termasuk dalam kategori tinggi berkisar 0,71–0,81 dan tidak terdapat genus plankton yang mendominasi. Kualitas air tambak budidaya memiliki hubungan sangat kuat terhadap kelimpahan plankton dengan nilai R2 = 0,89 dan produktivitas tambak memiliki hubungan sangat kuat dengan keragaman plankton dengan nilai R2 = 0,97. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang didapatkan, dapat disimpulkan bahwa struktur plankton dalam tambak udang berpengaruh kuat terhadap produktivitas udang vaname yang dibudidayakan.
Plankton functions as live feed and ecological parameters in fish farming systems. Changes in the structure of the plankton community can affect aquaculture productivity. This study aimed to determine the plankton community structure as an aquaculture production indicator for Pacific whiteleg shrimp. Samples were collected in three intensive Pacific whiteleg shrimp farming ponds in Garut, West Java, Indonesia (7⁰35'57.5”S-107⁰38'7”E) from November to December 2021. The observed shrimp ponds consisted of three ponds (20 x 20 m per pond) and managed using the same shrimp farming inputs and practices. The study found that plankton community in the pond could be categorized into five groups consisting of 20 genera. The highest plankton group was the miscellaneous group (six genera), while the highest phytoplankton group was Chlorophyceae (five genera). The abundance of plankton ranged from 2–2826 ind mL-1. The diversity index value was considered good and in stable category where the highest diversity was in pond 2 (H' = 2.16) and the lowest in pond 1 (H' = 1.83). The uniformity value of plankton was in the high category ranging from 0.71-0.81 with no dominant plankton genus. This study found that the shrimp pond water quality has a very strong relationship with the abundance of plankton with a value of R2 = 0.89 and pond productivity has a very strong relationship with plankton diversity with a value of R2 = 0.97. Based on these findings, this study concludes that the dynamics of plankton structure in shrimp ponds affect the productivity of farmed Pacific whiteleg shrimp.
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jra.17.4.2022.249-263
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