EVALUASI TEPUNG KEDELAI SEBAGAI SUMBER FITOESTROGEN DALAM PAKAN TERHADAP TINGKAT KANIBALISME BENIH IKAN LELE (Clarias sp.)
Abstract
Beberapa upaya yang dilakukan untuk menanggulangi adanya kanibalisme pada ikan adalah dengan pemberian hormon sintesis estradiol-17β dan pemberian asam amino triptofan (bahan baku biosintesis serotonin) dalam pakan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh pemberian tepung kedelai terhadap tingkat kanibalisme benih ikan lele. Tiga dosis perlakuan penambahan tepung kedelai yaitu: 0 (Kontrol), 50 (TK50), dan 100 g kg-1 pakan (TK100). Terdapat dua perlakuan kontrol yaitu penambahan hormon menggunakan 17α-metiltestosteron 30 mg kg-1 pakan (MT) dan estradiol-17β 50 mg kg-1 pakan (E2). Penelitian ini menggunakan benih ikan lele berukuran 2,90 ± 0,41 cm dengan padat tebar 2000 ekor m-2. Pemeliharaan dilakukan selama 30 hari dengan pemberian pakan dilakukan tiga kali sehari (07.00, 12.00, dan 18.00). Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah rancangan acak lengkap dengan menggunakan lima perlakuan yang masing masing diulang sebanyak tiga kali. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penambahan TK100 pada pakan dapat meningkatkan tingkat kelangsungan hidup, menekan adanya kanibalisme serta ikan yang berpotensi kanibal (P<0,05). Hasil dari kinerja pertumbuhan menunjukkan bahwa nilai laju bobot mutlak, laju panjang mutlak, laju panjang spesifik, dan koefisien keragaman panjang memiliki hasil yang berbeda nyata antarperlakuan (P<0,05) dan perlakuan laju bobot spesifik tidak berbeda nyata (P>0,05). Penambahan tepung kedelai dalam pakan mampu menekan adanya kanibalisme pada benih ikan lele sebesar 21,21%. Penurunan kanibalisme tersebut sejalan dengan adanya peningkatan kelangsungan hidup pada benih. Suplementasi tepung kedelai dalam pakan dapat menjadi alternatif solusi untuk penurunan tingkat kanibalisme pada pemeliharaan benih ikan lele.
Several attempts have been made to reduce cannibalism in fish by supplementing the synthetic hormone estradiol-17β and amino acid tryptophan (raw material for serotonin biosynthesis) in feed. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of soybean meal on the level of cannibalism of catfish fingerlings. Three treatment doses of the supplementation of soybean meal were 0 (Control), 50 (TK50), and 100 g kg-1 feed (TK100). There were two control treatments, with the addition of hormones using 17α-methyltestosterone 30 mg kg-1 feed (MT) and estradiol-17β 50 mg kg-1 feed (E2). This study used catfish fingerlings measuring 2.90 ± 0.41 cm with a stocking density of 2000 m-2. The experiment was conducted for 30 days, thrice daily feeding (07.00, 12.00, and 18.00). The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design using five treatments with triplicates. The results show that TK100 produced an increased survival rate and suppressed cannibalism level and potentially cannibalistic fish (P<0.05). The growth performance results show that the total weight rate, relative length rate, specific length rate, and length variation coefficient of catfish fingerlings were significantly different among the treatments (P<0.05). However, the specific weight rate of catfish fish fingerlings was not significantly different among the treatments (P>0.05). The supplementation of soybean meal in feed suppresses cannibalism in the catfish seeds by 21.21%. The decrease in cannibalism was strongly correlated with the increase in the fingerlings’ survival rate. Supplementing soybean meal in feed can be an alternative solution to reduce cannibalism in catfish seed rearing.
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jra.17.3.2022.145-153
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