PENGARUH SUPLEMENTASI TRIPTOFAN MELALUI PAKAN TERHADAP KANIBALISME DAN KONSENTRASI HORMON STEROID BENIH IKAN BAUNG (Hemibagrus nemurus)
Abstract
Perilaku kanibal pada benih ikan baung (Hemibagrus nemurus) menjadi permasalahan pada pembenihannya. Salah satu pendekatan yang sudah dilakukan untuk mengendalikan kanibalisme pada ikan adalah pemberian triptofan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh triptofan terhadap kejadian kanibalisme dan kandungan konsentrasi hormon steroid pada benih ikan baung. Panjang awal benih yang digunakan adalah 4,98±0,1 cm yang dipelihara di dalam akuarium berkapasitas 20 L dengan kepadatan 3 ekor per L. Selama penelitian, benih ikan baung diberi pakan komersial (40% protein) yang disuplementasi triptofan dengan konsentrasi berbeda, yaitu tanpa suplementasi triptofan (A), suplementasi triptofan 0,25% (B), suplementasi triptofan 0,50% (C), suplementasi triptofan 0,75% (D), dan suplementasi triptofan 1% (E). Setiap perlakuan terdiri dari tiga kali ulangan. Pakan diberikan empat kali sehari secara satiasi. Parameter yang diamati adalah tipe kanibal, indeks kanibal, kematian normal, sintasan, performa pertumbuhan serta konsentrasi hormon (estradiol, testosteron, dan kortisol). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian pakan yang diperkaya triptofan memberikan penurunan kejadian kanibal dan peningkatan sintasan benih ikan baung. Pemberian triptofan juga menurunkan kandungan estradiol tubuh, dan penurunan ini ada kaitannya dengan penurunan kejadian kanibalisme. Performa pertumbuhan benih ikan baung meningkat dengan pemberian pakan yang ditambahkan triptofan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa suplementasi 0,50–0,75% triptofan pada pakan efektif menurunkan kejadian kanibalisme pada benih ikan baung.
The cannibal behavior of Asian redtail catfish (Hemibagrus nemurus) is a problem in the hatchery. One approach that has been used to control cannibalism in fish is the use of tryptophan. This study aimed to determine the effect of tryptophan on the incidence of cannibalism and the content of steroid hormones in Asian redtail catfish juveniles. The study was conducted using the fish with a body length of 4.98±0.14 cm reared in aquariums with a water volume of 20 L with a density of 3 fish per L. Fish were given commercial feed (40% protein) supplemented with tryptophan with different concentrations, namely without tryptophan supplementation (A), tryptophan supplementation 0.25% (B), tryptophan supplementation 0.5% (C), tryptophan supplementation 0.75% (D), and tryptophan supplementation 1% (E). Each treatment consisted of three replications. Feed were given four times a day at satiation level. Parameters observed were cannibal type, cannibal index, normal mortality, survival rate, growth performance, and hormone concentration (estradiol, testosterone, and cortisol). The results showed that giving tryptophan through feed decreased the incidence of cannibalism and increased the survival of Asian redtail catfish juveniles. The addition of tryptophan to the feed decreased the concentration of estradiol in the body of fish and it is associated with a decrease in the incidence of cannibalism, thereby improving survival. Furthermore, the supplementation of tryptophan also increased growth performance. The results of this study showed that supplementation of 0.50-0.75% tryptophan in feed was effective in reducing the incidence of cannibals in Asian redtail catfish juveniles.
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jra.17.3.2022.133-144
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