EFEK SUPLEMENTASI ARANG AKTIF PADA PAKAN TERHADAP PROFIL HISTOLOGI USUS IKAN NILA (Oreochromis niloticus) SETELAH TERPAPAR INSEKTISIDA ORGANOFOSFAT

Nurhayati Nurhayati, Azwar Thaib, Lia Handayani, M. Yodi Tira Aprizal, Faisal Syahputra, Harun Harun

Abstract


Paparan dan efek merusak residu pestisida yang berasal dari aktifitas pertanian pada sistem budidaya air tawar telah banyak diteliti. Salah satu jenis pestisida yaitu insektisida memiliki efek kronis berbahaya bagi ikan budidaya air tawar dan jika terakumulasi dapat merusak kesehatan manusia yang mengkonsumsi ikan tersebut. Salah satu upaya mengeliminir efek residu tersebut adalah melalui penggunaan adsorben berupa arang aktif dalam pakan ikan melalui teknik re-pelleting. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mendapatkan informasi terkait pemanfaatan arang aktif pada pakan terhadap profil histologi usus ikan nila setelah dipapar insektisida golongan organofosfat. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimental terdiri dari empat kali perlakuan dan dua kali ulangan. Sebagai perlakuan antara lain tanpa arang aktif atau 0% (A); arang aktif 1% (B); arang aktif 2% (C); dan arang aktif 3% (D). Ikan nila dipilih sebagai ikan uji dengan ukuran panjang 7 ± 0,4 cm serta padat tebar 30 ekor per wadah. Pakan diberikan secara ad-libitum, frekuensi pemberian pakan dua kali sehari. Pengamatan perubahan jaringan usus dilakukan melalui pemeriksaan histologi usus ikan. Pemeriksaan histologi dilakukan sebanyak tiga kali yakni sebelum paparan insektisida, setelah paparan insektisida, dan setelah pemberian arang aktif pada pakan. Preparat usus diwarnai menggunakan Hematoxylin – Eosin (HE) untuk melihat perubahan jaringan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perubahan jaringan pada sampel usus akibat paparan insektisida organofosfat ditandai dengan terjadinya edema, adhesi vili, degenerasi hidropik dan vakuolisasi pada jaringan usus. Sebaliknya penggunaan arang aktif sebanyak 2% mampu menyerap diazinon yang terkontaminasi pada vili usus, ditunjukkan dengan banyaknya sel goblet yang muncul sebagai pelindung dari paparan insektisida organofosfat. Dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan arang aktif pada tingkat yang tepat secara efektif dapat menyerap residu insektisida dalam usus ikan nila khususnya diazinon.

Pesticide residues from agriculture have been well documented to have entered freshwater fish farming systems. One of pesticides, insecticide, is harmful not only to farmed fish but also to human who consume the insecticide-exposed fish. Alternatives to eliminate the residual effect of insecticides are through the addition activated charcoal serving as adsorbent in fish feed through re-pelleting techniques. The purpose of this study was to obtain information related to the use of activated charcoal in feed on the intestinal histological profile of tilapia after exposure to organophosphate insecticides. This study used an experimental method consisting of four treatments and two replicates. The treatments consisted of feed without activated charcoal 0% (A); and with activated charcoal 1% (B); activated charcoal 2% (C); and activated charcoal 3% (D) additions. Tilapia with an average length of 7 ± 0.4 cm and a stocking density of 30 fish per container were used in the experiment. The experimental feeds were given ad-libitum twice a day. Observation of changes in intestinal tissue was carried out through histological examination. Histological examination was carried out three times, namely before exposure to insecticide, after exposure to insecticide, and after applying activated charcoal to feed. Intestinal tissue samples were stained using Hematoxylin – Eosin (HE) to observe potential tissue changes. The result showed that tissue changes in intestinal samples due to exposure of organophosphate insecticide were evident marked by the occurrences of edema, villi adhesion, hydropic degeneration and vacuolization within the intestine tissue. In contrast, the use of activated charcoal as much as 2% was able to absorb contaminated diazinon in intestinal villi, shown by the large number of goblet cells that appeared as protection from exposure to organophosphate insecticide. This study concludes that the use of active charcoal at the right level could effectively adsorb the insecticide residue particularly diazinon.



Keywords


arang aktif; insektisida; pakan; usus; activated charcoal; feed; insecticide; intestine

Full Text:

PDF

References


Alfis, N.F., Handayani, L., & Nurhayati. (2022). Gambaran histologi insang ikan nila (Oreochromis niloticus) yang terpapar pestisida golongan organofosfat. Jurnal Tilapia, 3(1), 28–37.

Alif, A., Syawal, H., & Riauwaty, M. (2021). Histopathology of liver and intestine of Pangasionodon hypophthalmus fed with Rhizophora apiculata enriched pellets. Ilmu Perairan (Aquatic Science), 9(2), 152. https://doi.org/10.31258/jipas.9.2.p.152-161

Amanvermez, R., Ahmet, B., Turker, Y., Nursah, B., & Murat, G. (2010). Emergency laboratory abnormalities in suicidal patients with acute organophosphate poisoning. Journal of Biochemistry, 35(1), 29–34.

Dewi, R., Azhari, A., & Nofriadi, I. (2021). Aktivasi karbon dari kulit pinang dengan menggunakan aktivator kimia KOH. Jurnal Teknologi Kimia Unimal, 9(2), 12. https://doi.org/10.29103/jtku.v9i2.3351

Hendrata, S. (2004). Pemanfaatan Ikan Nila (Oreochromis niloticus) sebagai Bioindikator untuk Menilai Efektifitas Kinerja IPAL Rumah Sakit Pupuk Kaltim, Bontang.

Ihsan, T.I., Edwin, Tivany Husni, N., & Rukmana, W.D. (2018). Uji toksisitas akut dalam penentuan LC 50 -96H insektisida klorpirifos terhadap dua jenis ikan budidaya Danau Kembar, Sumatera Barat. Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan, 16(1), 98–103. https://doi.org/10.14710/jil.16.1.98-103

Kamta, H.N., Masyitha, D., & Zanuddin. (2018). Jumlah sel goblet pada usus proksimal dan usus distal belut sawah (Monopterus albus). Jimvet, 2, 215–220.

Mabe, L.T., Su, S., Tang, D., Zhu, W., Wang, S., & Dong, Z. (2018). The Effect of dietary bamboo charcoal supplementation on growth and serum biochemical parameters of juvenile common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). Aquaculture Research, 49(3), 1142–1152. https://doi.org/10.1111/are.13564

Melia, Y., Handayani, L., & Nurhayati. (2022). Gambaran histologi hati ikan nila (Oreochromis niloticus) yang terpapar pestisida golongan organofosfat. Jurnal Tilapia, 3(1), 38–46.

Muslim, A., Muhammadar, & Firdus. (2018). Growth, survival rate, and digestibility tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L) addition activated charcoal in feed with different sources. Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Kelautan dan Perikanan Unsyiah, 3(2), 34–44.

Nurhadi, M., Kusumawardani, R., Widiyowati, I.I., Wirhanuddin, & Nur, H. (2018). Utilization of fish bone as adsorbent of Fe3+ ion by controllable removal of its carbonaceous component. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1022(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1022/1/012031

Nurhayati, Nazlia, S.N., Fattah, A.F., Pradinata, Y., Handayani, L., & Harun. (2021). Kinerja pertumbuhan ikan gurami, Osphronemus goramy dengan penambahan arang aktif tulangikan kambing-kambing dalam pakan. Jurnal Media Akuakultur, 16(2), 87–93. https://doi.org/10.15578/ma.16.2.2021.87-93

Oktaviani, R., & Pawenang, E.T. (2020). Risiko gejala keracunan pestisida pada petani greenhouse. Jurnal Higeia, 4(2), 178–188.

Pirarat, N., Boonananthanasarn, S., Krongpong, L., Katagiri, T., & Maita, M. (2015). Effect of activated charcoal-supplemented diet on growth performance and intestinal morphology of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 45(1), 113–119.

Pratiwi, D.Y., Nugroho, A.P., & Yustiati, A. (2019). Bioakumulasi ion tembaga pada ikan nila (Oreochromis niloticus L.) di Instalasi Pengolahan Air Limbah (IPAL), Bantul. Jurnal Akuatika Indonesia, 4(2), 57–64.

Rahayu, S.D., Zulfatin, Z.L., & Nuriliani, A. (2013). Efek histopatologis insektisida λ-cyhalothrin terhadap insang , hati , dan usus halus ikan nila (Oreochromis niloticus L ., 1758). Biosfera, 30(2), 52–65.

Rawnak, J., Quaiyum, M.A., Jahan, N., Akhter, T., & Islam, M.S. (2014). Dietary added bamboo charcoal can evoke Pangasianodon growth and can reduce ammonia from culture medium. International Journal of Fisheries and Aquaculture, 6(7), 87–93. https://doi.org/10.5897/ijfa2014.0416

Risna, F., Handayani, L., & Nurhayati. (2020). Pengaruh penambahan arang aktif tulang ikan dalam pakan terhadap histologi usus ikan nila (Oreochromis niloticus). Jurnal Tilapia, 1(2), 28–33.

Shefali, Kumar, R., Sankhla, M.S., Kumar, R., & Sonone, S.S. (2021). Impact of pesticide toxicity in aquatic environment. Biointerface Research in Applied Chemistry, 11(3), 10131–10140. https://doi.org/10.33263/BRIAC113.1013110140

Singh, N.R. (2013). Acute toxicity of an organophosphate, dimethoate to an air breathing fish, Colisa fasciatus (Bl. & Schn.). Indian Journal of Scientific Research, 4, 97–100.

Sulastri, Zakaria, J., & Marusin, N. (2018). Struktur histologi usus ikan asang (Osteochilus hasseltii C.V.) yang terdapat di Danau Singkarak, Sumatera Barat. Jurnal Metamorfosa, 5(2), 214–218.

Taufik, I. (2011). Pencemaran pestisida pada perairan perikanan di Sukabumi-Jawa Barat. Media Akuakultur, 6(1), 69. https://doi.org/10.15578/ma.6.1.2011.69-75

Thaib, A., Handayani, L., Hanum, A., Nurhayati, N., & Syahputra, F. (2021). Evaluating the addition of starry triggerfish (Abalistes stellaris) bone charcoal as a feed supplement to the growth performance and intestinal villi length of nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Perairan, Pesisir Dan Perikanan, 10, 194–200. https://doi.org/10.13170/depik.10.2.20367




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jra.18.1.2023.27-35


Lisensi Creative Commons
Jurnal Riset Akuakultur is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

View My Stats
p-ISSN 1907-6754
e-ISSN 2502-6534