FILOGENETIK IKAN SUMATRA (Puntius tetrazona) ALAM DAN BUDIDAYA BERDASARKAN GEN COI
Abstract
Ikan sumatra (Puntius tetrazona) memiliki beberapa varietas, meliputi tiger barb, hijau, albino, dan balon. Namun, belum diketahui karaker genetiknya menggunakan DNA barcoding terhadap spesies asal perairan di Sumatra Selatan. Tujuan dilaksanakannya penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui persentase kemiripan sekuen gen cytochrome oxidase c subunit I (COI) DNA mitokondria, jarak genetik dan filogenetik ikan sumatra alam serta budidaya. Penelitian barcoding DNA pada ikan sumatra dilakukan dengan beberapa tahap terdiri atas isolasi DNA, perbanyakan DNA berdasarkan polymerase chain reaction (PCR), elektroforesis, dan sekuensing gen COI pada mtDNA. Ikan sumatra dari alam berasal dari Sungai Lematang (n=2), Sungai Musi (n=2), dan dari budidaya komersial (n=7) dikoleksi di wilayah Palembang. Produk gen COI mtDNA berhasil diperoleh menggunakan metode PCR dengan suhu penempelan primer 51℃ selama 30 detik dalam 35 siklus. Sekuensing gen COI menghasilkan panjang nukleotida 604 bp. BLAST-N menunjukkan ikan sumatra dari alam (Sungai Lematang dan Sungai Musi) memiliki persentase kemiripan lebih kecil (94,56-95,16%) dibandingkan dari budidaya (99,55-100%) terhadap P. tetrazona yang diperoleh dari pusat data Genbank. Konstruksi filogenetik terbentuk dua subcluster yang terpisah antara ikan sumatra alam dan budidaya dengan jarak genetik 0,046 ± 0,00, menunjukkan perbedaan genetik antara kedua populasi.
Sumatra barb (Puntius tetrazona) had several strains, including tiger barb, green tiger barb, albino tiger barb, and balloon tiger barb. However, its genetic characteristics are not yet known using DNA barcoding in species from waters in South Sumatra. This study aimed to analyse similarity percentage, genetic distance, and phylogenetic construction of wild and cultured sumatra barb based on the sequence of cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene on the mitochondrial DNA. The methods conducted in barcoding DNA were performed with several steps consisting of DNA isolations, DNA amplification based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR), electrophoresis, and sequencing of COI of mtDNA. The wild sumatra barb were obtained from Lematang River (n=2), Musi River (n=2), and those from commercial fish farming (n=7) were collected in Palembang. The mtDNA COI gene were acquired from PCR with an annealing temperature of 51℃ for 30 seconds in 35 cycles. The COI gene of sumatra barb had a nucleotide length of 604 bp. BLAST-N indicated that the wild sumatra barb (Lematang and Musi Rivers) had a lower similarity (94.56-95.16%) than the cultured samples (99.55-100%) to P. tetrazona obtained from Genbank database. The phylogenetic construction formed two separated subclusters between the wild and cultured sumatra barb with a genetic distance of 0.046 ± 0.001 indicated a genetic difference between two populations.
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jra.18.2.2023.105-116
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