INDUKSI HORMONAL PADA SEX REVERSAL UDANG GALAH (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) MENGGUNAKAN EKSTRAK SERBUK SARI PINUS (Pinus tabulaeformis)

Harton Arfah, Dinar Tri Soelistyowati, Hidayatush Sholihin, Kesit Tisna Wibowo, Agus Oman Sudrajat, Odang Carman, Fajar Maulana, Alimuddin Alimuddin

Abstract


Udang galah (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) merupakan komoditas perikanan air tawar yang memiliki ciri dimorfisme seksual pada pertumbuhan individu jantan lebih cepat dibanding betina. Pembentukan populasi monoseks jantan potensial dalam budidaya bertujuan untuk meningkatkan keseragaman, memacu pertumbuhan, dan efisiensi produksi. Induksi sex reversal pada pembentukan individu neomale dapat dilakukan secara hormonal menggunakan bahan yang mengandung derivat testosteron, yaitu serbuk sari pinus (Pinus tabulaeformis). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi efektivitas ekstrak serbuk sari pinus terhadap performa sex reversal pada udang galah. Ekstrak serbuk sari pinus dengan dosis berbeda (0,0 mL L-1; 0,2 mL L-1; 0,4 mL L-1; dan 0,6 mL L-1) diberikan melalui perendaman selama 24 jam pada larva udang galah sebelum berdiferensiasi kelamin (PL15) berukuran panjang 12 ± 0,3 mm dan bobot 0,02 ± 0,001 g dengan kepadatan 60 individu per L, kemudian dipelihara selama 45 hari dalam kontainer (60 x 40 x 30 cm3) dengan tinggi air 20 cm dan kepadatan 1 individu per L. Perlakuan dosis ekstrak serbuk sari pinus dosis 0,2 mL L-1 menghasilkan nisbah kelamin jantan 46,69 ± 5,36%, sedangkan peningkatan dosis 0,4-0,6 mL L-1 dan kontrol tidak efektif mengarahkan kelamin jantan (35-42%) dengan tingkat kelangsungan hidup udang PL60 berkisar 66-82%. Ciri kelamin sekunder udang galah jantan PL60 berukuran 30-32 mm berupa male gonopore (MG) dan appendix masculine (AM), sedangkan betina memiliki appendix interna (AI) pada kaki renang kedua dan rongga di antara kedua kaki jalan kelima. Aplikasi ekstrak serbuk sari pinus pada dosis maksimal 0,2 mL L-1 dapat mengarahkan kelamin jantan udang galah.

Giant freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) is a freshwater fishery commodity with sexual dimorphism in which male individuals grow faster than females. The establishment of a male monosexual population is expected to increase individual uniformity, growth rate, and production efficiency. Induction of sex reversal in the formation of the pseudomale can be done hormonally using materials containing testosterone derivatives, for example, pine pollen (Pinus tabulaeformis). This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of pine pollen extract on the sex reversal performance of giant prawns. Pine pollen extract with different doses (0.0 mL L-1; 0.2 mL L-1; 0.4 mL L-1; and 0.6 mL L-1) was given by immersion during 24 hours in prawns before sexual differentiation (PL15) with a length of 12 ± 0.3 mm and a weight of 0.02 ± 0.001 g with a density of 60 individuals per L, then reared for 45 days in a container (60 x 40 x 30 cm3) with a water height of 20 cm and a density of 1 individual per L. Treatment with a dose of pine pollen extract at a dose of 0.2 mL L-1 resulted in a male sex ratio of 46.69 ± 5.36%, while increasing doses of 0.4-0.6 ml L-1 and the control were not effective in the sex reversal (35-42%) with a survival rate of PL60 ranged from 66-82%. The secondary sexual characteristics of PL60 male giant prawns measuring 30-32 mm are male gonopore (MG) and masculine appendix (AM), while female giant prawns have an internal appendix (AI) on the second swimming leg and the cavity between the fifth swimming leg. This study concludes that the application of pine pollen extract at a maximum dose of 0.2 mL L-1 could directly induced sex reversal of female to male of giant prawns.


Keywords


dimorfisme; neomale; pertumbuhan; pinus; udang galah; dimorphism; freshwater prawns; growth; neomale; pine pollen

Full Text:

PDF

References


Abaho, I., Akoll, P., Jones, C. L. W., & Masembe, C. (2022). Dietary inclusion of pine pollen alters sex ratio and promotes growth of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L. 1758). Aquaculture Reports, 27,1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aqrep.2022.101407

Adenigba, I., Tumbokon, B. L. M., & Serrano, A. E. (2017). Androgenic and anabolic effect of Pinus tabulaeformis Carr. pollen in Clarias gariepinus. The Israeli Journal of Aquaculture - Bamidgeh, 69, 1388. https://doi.org/10.46989/001c.20875

Basir, B., Isnansetyo, A., Istiqomah, I., & Jabbarc, F. A. (2020). Toksisitas daun miana (Coleus scutellarioides (L) Benth) sebagai antibakteri pada udang vannamei (Litopenaeus vannamei). SIGANUS: Journal of Fisheries and Marine Science, 1(2), 56-61. https://doi.org/10.31605/siganus.v1i2.653

Chakraborty, S. B., Horn, P., & Hancz, C. (2014). Application of phytochemicals as growth‐promoters and endocrine modulators in fish culture. Reviews in Aquaculture, 6(1), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1111/raq.12021.

Harahap, E. (2020). Rasio jenis kelamin udang galah (Macrobrachium rosenbergii de Man, 1879) di Perairan Sungai Barumun Kabupaten Labuhanbatu Selatan. Konservasi Hayati, 16(2), 85-91.

Ikhwanuddin, M., Bahar, H., Ma, H., & Manan, H. (2019). Effect of estrogen hormone, 17β-estradiol on feminization of banana shrimp, Penaeus merguiensis (de Man, 1888) postlarvae and the identification of the age of external sex differentiation. Aquaculture Reports, 13, 100177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aqrep.2018.100177

Iswanto, B., Khasanim, I., & Imron. (2008). Pembentukan udang galah neofemale GImacro melalui andrektomi. Jurnal Riset Akuakultur, 3(2), 165-172. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jra.3.2.2008.165-173

Kawamura, G., Bagarinao, T. U., Yong, A. S. K., Chen, C. Y., Noor, S. N. M., & Lim, L. S. (2015). Low pH affect survival, growth, size distribution, and carapace quality of the

postlarvae and early juveniles of the freshwater prawn Macrobrachium

rosenbergii de Man. Ocean Science Journal, 50(2), 371-379. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12601-015-0034-0

Kementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan. (2022). Kelautan dan Perikanan dalam Angka Tahun 2022. Kementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan.

Khatimah, K. (2018). Pemanfaatan ekstrak bunga pinus sebagai reduktor alami dalam sintesis grafena [Skripsi, Universitas Brawijaya]. Universitas Brawijaya.

Köhne, E. M., Settele, K. W., Brückner, J., Konradi, S., Schiller, V., Schäfers, Teigeler, M., & Fenske, M. (2016). Linking the response of endocrine regulated genes to adverse effects on the sex differentiation improves comprehension of aromatase inhibition in a fish sexual decelopment test. Aquatic Toxicology, 176, 116-127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2016.04.018

Kusuma, E., Sudrajat, A. O., Arfah, H., & Alimuddin. (2021). Keberhasilan maskulinisasi dan kinerja reproduksi ikan gapi, Poecilia reticulata diberi ekstrak serbuk sari pinus melalui pakan. Jurnal Riset Akuakultur, 16(3), 177-183. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jra.16.3.2021.177-183

Lee, S., Kim, W. B., Park, S. H., Kim, M., Kim, D., Park, J., Hwang, D. Y., & Lee, H. (2018). Biological properties of butanol extracts from green pine cone of Pinus densiflora. Food Science and Biotechnology, 27, 1485–1492. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10068-018-0382-5.

Levy, T., Rosen, O., Eilam, B., Azulay, D., Aflalo, E. D., Benet, A., Manor,. R, Shechter, A., Sagi, A. (2016). A single injection of hypertrophied androgenic gland cells produces all-female aquaculture. Marine Biotechnology, 18, 554-563. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10126-016-9717-5

Levy, T., Rosen, O., Eilam, B., Azulay, D., Zohar, I., Aflalo, E. D., Benet,. A, Naor, A., Shechter, A., & Sagi, A. (2017). All-female monosex culture in the freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii: A comparative large-scale field study. Aquaculture, 479, 857-862. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2017.07.039

Levy, T., Rosen, O., Manor, R., Dotan, S., Azulay, D.,Abramov, A., Sklarz, M. Y., Caspi, V. C., Baruch, K., Shechter, A., & Sagi, A. (2019). Production of WW males lacking the masculine Z chromosome and mining the Macrobrachium rosenbergii genome for sex-chromosomes. Nature Research, 9, 12408. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-47509-6

Levy, T., & Sagi, A. (2020). The “IAG-Switch”-A key controlling element in decapod crustacean sex differentiation. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 11, 651. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2020.00651

Maliwat, G. C. F., Velasquez, S. F., Buluran, S. M. D., Tayamen, M. M., & Ragaza, J. A. (2021). Growth and immune respone of pond-reared giant freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii post larvae fed diets containing Chlorella vulgaris. Aquaculture and Fisheries, 6, 465-470. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aaf.2020.07.002

Molcho, J., Levy, T., Benet, A., Naor A., Savaya, A., Manor, R., Abramov, A., Aflalo, E. D., Shechter, A., & Sagi, A. (2020). Three generations of prawns without the Z chromosome: viable WW Macrobrachium rosenbergii all-female populations in polyculture with Oreochromis niloticus. Aquaculture, 515, 734531. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2019.734531

New, M. B., Valenti, W. C., Tidwell, J. H., D'Abramo, L. R, & Kutty, M. N. (2010). Freshwater prawns biology and farming. Willey-Blackwell.

Nian, C. T., Tumbokon, B. L. M., & Serrano, A. E. (2017). Pinus tabulaeformis pollen as replacement for 17-alpha-methyltestosterone in the diet of Oreochromis niloticus larvae for sex reversal and growth. The Israeli Journal of Aquaculture - Bamidgeh, 69, 1399. https://doi.org/10.46989/001c.21042

Priyono, S. B., Sukardi, & Harianja, B. S. M. (2011). Pengaruh shelter terhadap perilaku dan pertumbuhan udang galah (Macrobrachium rosenbergii). Jurnal Perikanan (Journal of Fisheries Science), 8(2), 78-85. https://doi.org/10.22146/jfs.3065

Rachmawati, D., Hutabarat, J., Fiat, A. I., Elfitasari, T., Windarto, S., & Dewi, E. N. C. (2021). penambahan asam amino triptofan dalam pakan terhadap tingkat kanibalisme dan pertumbuhan Litopenaeus vannamei. Jurnal Kelautan Tropis (Tropical Marine Journal), 24(3), 343-352. https://doi.org/10.14710/jkt.v24i3.11723

Rungsin, W., Swatdipong, A., & Na-Nakorn, U. (2012). Development stages of androgenic glands in giant river prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii de Man, 1879 in relation to size and age, and the success rate of feminization after andrectomy in small and large size prawn. Aquaculture, 354(355), 136–143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture. 2012.03.015

Saddenkrehula, M., Tajic, M., & Kolbah, D. (1971). Testosterone, epitestosterone and androstenedione in the pollen of Scotch pine Pinus silvestris L. Experientia, 27(1), 108-109. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02137770

Shen, S. Q., Li, J. W., Xu, H. J., Yang, J. S., Ma, W. M., & Qian, G. Y. (2020). Sexual characteristic development and sex identification of juvenile prawns, Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Aquaculture Research, 51, 3718-3728. https://doi.org/10.1111/are.14721

Syatriawan, D., Yusanti, I. A., & Anwar, S. (2019). Pembesaran udang galah (Macrobrachium rosenbergii de Man) dengan sistem monoseks dan campuran terhadap pertumbuhan, kelangsungan hidup, dan FCR. Jurnal Ilmu-ilmu Perikanan dan Budidaya Perairan, 14(1), 30-36. https://doi.org/10.31851/jipbp.v14i1.3371

Tan, K., Jiang, H., Jiang, D., & Wang, W. (2020). Sex reversal and androgenic gland (AG) in Macrobrachium rosenbergii: A review. Aquaculture and Fisheries, 5, 283-288. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10126-020-09965-4

Tantri, A. F., Rahardja, B. S., & Agustono. (2016). Penambahan lisin pada pakan komersial terhadap retensi protein dan retensi energi udang galah (Macrobrachium rosenbergii). Journal of Aquaculture and Fish Health, 5, 36-42.

Usman, Kamaruddin, & Laining, A. (2016). Pengaruh kadar triptofan pakan terhadap pertumbuhan dan sintasan krablet kepiting bakau (Scylla serrata) selama masa pendederan. Jurnal Riset Akuakultur, 11(3), 259-269. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jra.11.3.2016.259-269

Waluyo, A., Mulyana, & Ali, F. (2018). Tingkat kelangsungan hidup dan pertumbuhan udang galah (Macrobrachium Rosenbergii de Man) pada media bersalinitas. Jurnal Mina Sains, 4(2), 107-126.




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jra.19.2.2024.85-95


Lisensi Creative Commons
Jurnal Riset Akuakultur is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

View My Stats
p-ISSN 1907-6754
e-ISSN 2502-6534