KAJIAN ASPEK FISIKA, KIMIA, DAN BIOLOGI PERAIRAN SITU RAWABEBEK, KARAWANG, DALAM RANGKA PENGELOLAAN PERIKANAN BERBASIS BUDI DAYA

Abstract

Penelitian tentang aspek-aspek fisika, kimia, dan biologi perairan bekas galian pasir telah dilakukan di Situ Rawabebek Kabupaten Karawang. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mendapatkan data dasar bagi penyusunan model pengelolaan perikanan di perairan bekas galian pasir berdasarkan prinsip perikanan berbasis budi daya (culture-based fisheries, CBF). Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa fluktuasi air di Situ Rawabebek mencapai hingga 1,90 m dan sangat dipengaruhi oleh ketinggian air Sungai Citarum. Nilai semua parameter kualitas air berada dalam kisaran yang layak untuk mendukung kehidupan ikan sementara kadar logam berat berada dalam ambang aman untuk kehidupan organisme akuatik termasuk ikan dan kesehatan manusia. Indeks keragaman plankton (Indeks Shanon-Wiener) pada setiap stasiun dan musim pengamatan berkisar antara 3,95—4,52 yang berarti bahwa komunitas plankton di Situ Rawabebek stabil dan perairannya dalam kondisi belum tercemar. Jenis ikan yang teramati untuk mengetahui pola reproduksinya di Situ Rawabebek antara lain lalawak (Puntius bramoides), paray (Rasbora argyrotaenia), dan seren (Cyclocheilichthys apogon) dengan tingkat Indeks Kematangan Gonad (IKG) masing-masing 3,43%; 12,82%; dan 3,95%. Dari analisis terhadap kondisi fisika, kimia, dan biologinya disimpulkan bahwa perairan bekas galian pasir Situ Rawabebek cukup layak untuk pengembangan perikanan berbasis budi daya.

A study on the physical, chemical, and biological aspects of the abandoned sand mining reservoir was conducted in Rawabebek Reservoir (Karawang Regency, West Java). This study aimed to develop a model of fisheries management in the reservoir based on the culture based fisheries (CBF) system. The study showed that the fluctuation of water level in the Rawabebek Reservoir was monitored up to 1.90 m and highly influenced by the water level of Citarum River. The average value of all water quality parameters and heavy metals were in the suitable range for aquatic organism, fish and human health. The diversity index of plankton (Shanon-Wiener Index) at each station and sampling time observed, were ranged between 3.95 to 4.52 implied that the plankton community in the Rawabebek Reservoir was in the stable condition with no water pollution. Three fish species were observed for reproduction pattern in the Rawabebek Reservoir namely lalawak (Puntius bramoides), paray (Rasbora argyrotaenia), and seren (Cyclocheilichthys apogon) with the Gonadosomatic Index (GSI) were 3.43%, 12.82%, and 3.95%, respectively. Due to those physical, chemical and biological aspects, it was concluded that Rawabebek Reservoir was suitable for culture based fisheries (CBF) management system.